BU398 Chapter Notes -Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henri Fayol
Document Summary
Organizations: social entities that are goal-directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity system, and are linked to the external environment. Types of organizations: multinational corporations, small, family-owned shops, for-profit versus non-profit organizations. Closed system: a system that is autonomous, enclosed, and not dependent on its environment, don"t truly exist today, early management concepts such as scientific management, leadership style, and industrial engineering were closed-system approaches. Open system: a system that must interact with the environment to survive. It both consumes resources and exports resources to the environment, and must continually adapt to the environment. Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the organization, including procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and policy manuals, describing behaviour and activities. A large state university would be high on formulization and a small, family- owned business would be low on formulization. The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs: specialization, hierarchy of authority.
