BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 137: Beta Blocker, Vascular Smooth Muscle, Hepatocyte
Document Summary
Autocrine signaling: cell responds to chemical signal that it secretes, often to amplify or maintain a physiological response, chemical signaling molecule local regulator. Acts a short distance from where it is secreted: involved in differentiation of t cells of adaptive immune system. When a t cells binds to an antigen associated with major histocompatibility complex, it secretes regulator il-2. Binds an il-2 receptor on t cell, causing it to undergo clonal. Paracrine signaling expansion: elicits responses in cells close to signaling cell, mediated by local regulators, plays key role in embryonic development b/c local regulators are used to mediate limb development. Limb development occurs only in specific regions of the body. Occurs at synapses; b/w a neuron and another cell. Neurotransmitters often activate signal transduction cascade that amplifies the signal. Communication through chemical synapse is unidirectional: neuroendocrine signaling. Causes release of neurohormones into blood stream. Can travel throughout body and affect distant cells the same way hormone do.
