Foods and Nutrition 1021 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Kwashiorkor, Catabolism, Chemical Bond
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Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |
False |
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Question 411 pts
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
ionic |
kinetic |
covalent |
hydrogen |
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Question 421 pts
Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.
neutrons |
protons |
electrons |
electron shells |
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Question 431 pts
Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.
oil |
heat |
enzymes |
blood |
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Question 441 pts
Organic molecules have a core composed of .
carbon |
nitrogen |
phosphorus |
hydrogen |
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Question 451 pts
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
polypeptides |
amino acids |
nucleotides |
monosaccharides |
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Question 461 pts
Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .
active transport |
cell fate |
facilitated diffusion |
osmosis |
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Question 471 pts
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
phospholipids |
transmembrane channel proteins |
cell surface proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
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Question 481 pts
The simplest cells are .
prokaryotic |
animal cells |
eukaryotic |
cells of fungi |
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Question 491 pts
Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:
nucleus |
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells |
mitochondria |
chloroplasts |
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Question 501 pts
Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.
vacuoles |
ribosomes |
golgi complex |
nucleus |
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Question 511 pts
Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.
ribosomes |
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus) |
nucleus |
mitochondria |
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Question 521 pts
Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?
Oxygen is consumed. |
A water molecule is removed from the molecules. |
A water molecule is added to the molecules |
Carbon dioxide is given off. |
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Question 531 pts
Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.
monomers |
monosaccharides |
polymers |
amino acids |
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Question 541 pts
Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?
NH2 |
R Group or functional group |
COOH |
H |
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Question 551 pts
The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.
Tertiary |
Quaternary |
Secondary |
Primary |
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Question 561 pts
How do DNA and RNA differ?
all statements are differences between DNA and RNA. |
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. |
They have different sugars. |
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. |
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Question 571 pts
Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate |
a nitrogen containing base |
All are components of a nucleotide. |
5-carbon sugar |
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Question 581 pts
Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.
transmembrane proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
phospholipids |
cell surface proteins |
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Question 591 pts
Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.
chloroplasts and mitochondria |
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes and nucleolus |
peroxisomes and lysosomes |
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Question 601 pts
The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
nucleolus |
mitochondria |
QUESTION 10
If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the promoter of your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:
The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently | ||
The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein | ||
The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome | ||
The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon | ||
The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene |
1.2 points
QUESTION 11
A competitive inhibitor is decreasing the activity of an enzyme. Predict the effect of adding more substrate to the reaction.
The substrate will increase the reaction rate by binding to the allosteric site | ||
The substrate will increase the reaction rate by competing with the inhibitor for the active site | ||
The reaction rate will not change unless the inhibitor can be removed | ||
The enzyme adjusts its shape so that the substrate, but NOT the competitive inhibitor, can bind | ||
The substrate will bind to the competitive inhibitor and block its ability to bind to the enzyme |
1.2 points
QUESTION 12
What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?
Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene | ||
Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules | ||
Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone | ||
Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene | ||
Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions |
1.2 points
QUESTION 13
What is the basic premise of cell theory?
DNA -> RNA -> protein | ||
All cells arise from pre-existing cells | ||
DNA provides the complete instructions to create a cell | ||
The identity of a cell is determined through gene expression patterns | ||
All cells contain the same four basic macromolecules |
1.2 points
QUESTION 14
What is the benefit of using BOTH the lac activator and the lac repressor to control gene expression?
Using both an activator and repressor enables cells to more accurately determine the amount of lactose available in the environment | ||
Enzymes to digest lactose are only made when energy is low and lactose is available | ||
The activator can override the inhibition of the lac operon by the repressor | ||
The repressor can control the enhancer, while the activator can control the promoter | ||
When neither the lac activator or repressor is present, expression of the lac operon is too high |
1.2 points
QUESTION 15
What is the histone code used for?
Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted | ||
Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins | ||
Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form | ||
Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur | ||
The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide |