Economics 1021A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Demand Curve, Negative Number, Normal Good

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Percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price (change in price / average price) / (change in quantity / average quantity) Elastic and inelastic demand: perfectly inelastic when ratio = 0, this is a horizontal demand curve (e. g insulin for diabetics) vertical demand curve, unit elastic demand = 1 (curved) Inelastic demand if when the ratio is between 0 and 1, food and shelter are examples of this. If quantity demanded changes infinitely compared to a tiny price change, then the elasticity is said to be perfectly elastic demand. This is very common when the demand for a good has a perfect substitute. Such as two vending machines side by side (horizontal: price elasticity of demand that is greater than one is said to be elastic. Automobiles and furniture are said to be elastic goods. The factors that influence the elasticity of demand.

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1. __________________ A measure of consumersâ sensitivity or responsiveness to changes in the price of a good or service.

2. ___________________ When the percentage change in price (in absolute value) is more than the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value).

3. ___________________ When the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value) is more than the percentage change in price (in absolute value).

4. ___________________ When the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value) is just equal to the percentage change in price (in absolute value).

5. ___________________ Total amount paid to a producer for a good or service P * Q.

6. ___________________ The effect on total revenue of a change in price, holding quantity constant.

7. ___________________ The effect on total revenue of a change in quantity, holding price constant.

8. ___________________ An elasticity calculated over an interval of a demand curve or demand schedule.

9. ___________________ Elasticity at a specific price or point on a demand curve.

10. ___________________ A measure of how responsive quantity demanded is to a change in income, all other things constant.

11. ___________________ A measure showing how responsive the quantity demanded of one good is to changes in the price of another good, other factors constant.

12. ___________________ The additional revenue received by producing and selling one more unit of output.

13. ___________________ Units of output that could have been sold at a higher price had the firm not lowered its price to sell additional (marginal) units.

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Suppose that during the past year, the price of a laptop computer fell from $2,950 to $2,450. During the same time period, consumer sales increased from 430,000 to 619,000 laptops. Calculate the elasticity of demand between these two price–quantity combinations by using the following steps. After each step, complete the relevant part of the table with the appropriate answers. (Note: For decreases in price or quantity, enter values in the Change column with a minus sign.) Original New Average Change Percentage Change Quantity 36.03% Price -18.52% Step 1: Fill in the appropriate values for original quantity, new quantity, original price, and new price. Step 2: Calculate the average quantity by adding the original quantity and the new quantity, and then dividing by two. Do the same for the average price. Step 3: Calculate the change in quantity by subtracting the original quantity from the new quantity. Do the same for the change in price. Step 4: Calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded by dividing the change in quantity by the average quantity. Do the same to calculate the percentage change in price. Step 5: Calculate the price elasticity of demand by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price, ignoring the negative sign. Using the midpoint method, the elasticity of demand for laptops is about .

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Discussion #1

The law of demand states that a fall in the price of a good raises the quantity demanded, and the increase in price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. Demand for a good is said to be elastic if the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price. Demand is said to be inelastic if the quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in the price, which indicates that the percentage in price is greater than the percentage in quantity demanded.

However, the extent of responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price depends on the nature of a particular good or service in the market. The price elasticity of demand partly depends on the availability of close substitutes. When a large number of substitutes are available, consumers respond to a higher price of a good by buying more of the substitute goods and less of the relatively more expensive good. In addition, goods or services that are considered necessities tend to have less elastic (more inelastic) demand, whereas goods or services that are considered luxuries have more elastic (less inelastic) demands.

Explain why the demand for the good or service provided by the organization you work for is elastic or inelastic. How does this influence pricing decisions?
Provide examples on how the availability of close substitutes affects price elasticity of demand.
Give specific examples of necessities or luxuries, and explain how they affect price elasticity of goods or services.

Please answer ALL bulletins and place the answers under the correct bulletin.

Economics 1021A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Demand Curve, Negative Number, Normal Good

ECON 1021A/B Full Course Notes

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