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Chemistry 1301A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 3.1: Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry, Coordination Sphere, Coordination Complex

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ambertiger852
30 Nov 2017
School
Western University
Department
Chemistry
Course
Chemistry 1301A/B
Professor
Felix Lee

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Document Summary

Coordination isomerism: a form of structural isomerism in which the composition of the complex ion varies, the total ratio of ligand to metal remains the same but the ligands attached to a specific metal ion change. It is only possible for salts in which both the cation and the anion are complex ions. Coordination numbers and stereochemistry: the primary term to describe these complexes is coordination number, which is the number of atoms directly bonded to the metal center. In order to get a neutral complex with these metal ions, one anionic ligand and one or two neutral ligands are needed. Coordination number 4: stereochemistry can be tetrahedral or square planar, to form neutral complexes, two neutral ligands and two anionic ligands are required, for platinum, there are two possible isomers in which the angles of x-pt-x can be. 180 degrees (trans isomer) or 90 degrees (cis isomer: these stereoisomers have different chemical and physical properties.

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Related Questions

A complex ion is a species in which a central metal ion is attached to a group of surrounding ions or molecules by coordinate covalent bonds. The surrounding species are called ligands. Within a ligand, the atoms that are directly attached to the metal ion (or atom) are called donor atoms. Most ligands contain a single donor atom (monodentate), but some contain two donor atoms (bidentate), six donor atoms (hexadentate), or another combination of donor atoms. A complex ion that is associated with one or more counter ions is called a coordination compound. For example [PdCl4]2− is a complex ion, and Na[PdCl4] is a coordination compound. The following table lists some common ligands.

Ligand Number of
donor atoms
Cl− 1
F− 1
Br− 1
CO32− 2
CN− 1
gly− 2
EDTA4− 6
NH3 1
H2O 1
CO 1

The coordination number for a complex is the total number of donor atoms surrounding the central atom. The overall charge on a complex is the sum of the charges of the metal and all the ligands.

Part A

What is the coordination number for each of the following complexes or compounds?

a) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+

b) [Pb(EDTA)]2−

c) [Pt(NH3)4]2+

d) [Ag(NH3)2]NO3

Part B

What is the charge on each of the following complex ions?

a) hexaaquachromium(II), [Cr(H2O)6]?

b) tris(carbonato)aluminate(III), [Al(CO3)3]?

c) amminepentachloroplatinate(IV), [Pt(NH3)Cl5]?

Part C

What is the oxidation number of the central metal ion in each of the following complexes or compounds?

a) [NiCl2Br2]2−

b) [Cr(H2O)2(NH3)4]3+

c) Na[Ag(CN)2]

Constants | Periodic Table

A complex ion is a species in which a central metal ion is attached to a group of surrounding ions or molecules by coordinate covalent bonds. The surrounding species are called ligands. Within a ligand, the atoms that are directly attached to the metal ion (or atom) are called donor atoms. Most ligands contain a single donor atom (monodentate), but some contain two donor atoms (bidentate), six donor atoms (hexadentate), or another combination of donor atoms. A complex ion that is associated with one or more counter ions is called a coordination compound. For example [PdCl4]2−is a complex ion, and Na[PdCl4] is a coordination compound. The following table lists some common ligands.
Ligand Number of
donor atoms
Cl− 1
F− 1
Br− 1
CO32− 2
CN− 1
gly− 2
EDTA4− 6
NH3 1
H2O 1
CO 1
The coordination number for a complex is the total number of donor atoms surrounding the central atom. The overall charge on a complex is the sum of the charges of the metal and all the ligands.

Part A

What is the coordination number for each of the following complexes or compounds?

[Co(NH3)4Cl2]+

[Cr(EDTA)]−

[Zn(H2O)4]2+

Na[Ag(CN)2]

Enter the coordination numbers, in the order that the complexes are listed, as four integers separated by commas (e.g., 1,2,3,4).

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Part B

What is the charge on each of the following complex ions?

hexaaquamanganese(II), [Mn(H2O)6]?

tris(carbonato)aluminate(III), [Al(CO3)3]?

amminepentachloroplatinate(IV), [Pt(NH3)Cl5]?

Express the charges numerically, in the order that the complexes are listed, separated by commas. For a nonzero charge, be sure to include the sign (e.g., +1,-2,+3).

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Part C

What is the oxidation number of the central metal ion in each of the following complexes or compounds?

[NiCl2Br2]2−

[Cr(H2O)2(NH3)4]3+

Na[Au(CN)2]

Express the oxidation numbers numerically, in the order that the complexes are listed, separated by commas. For a nonzero oxidation number, be sure to include the sign (e.g., +1,-2,+3).

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