Chemistry 1301A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 3.1: Coordination Complex, Linkage Isomerism, Transition Metal

• School: Western University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: Chemistry 1301A/B
• Professor: Felix Lee

Document Summary

Chromium: 4s and 3d levels are half-filled: maximizes number of parallel spins, energies of 4s and 3d are almost the same -> obeys hund"s rule. Copper: 3d has lower energy than 4s: 3d104s1 has lower energy than 3d94s2. Trends in second and third row are not obvious: relative energies of orbitals change due to shielding effects and pairing of electrons. Metals use different numbers of 4s and 3d electrons in chemical bonding: gives rise to variations in oxidation states. After mn, it becomes more difficult to use all 4s and 3d electrons because 3d electrons become core electrons and are almost never used. When an element has oxidation state lower than group number, it may possess unpaired d electrons: creates interesting magnetic and optical properties. Complex: any compound containing several atoms, including at least one transition metal atom/ion. If it carries a charge, it"s called a complex ion/ionic complex: ligand: any molecule/ion that is directly bonded to a transition metal.