American Studies 4420E Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Detection Theory, Subliminal Stimuli, Stimulus Modality

Question 5

*The specific molecule in the eye that has to absorb photons for the perception of vision to occur is:

A. G-protein

B. Opsin

C. Retinal

D. cGMP

Question 6

*Transduction is a conversion of

A. Stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential

B. Presynaptic nerve impulses into postsynaptic nerve impulses

C. Receptor energy into stimulus energy

D. Electrical energy into mechanical energy

Question 7

What is a Drosophila ‘ERG’?

A. The signal is the combined signal of may action potentials

B. The signal is the response of only one specific photoreceptor class

C. It is a combined response signal of many photoreceptors and secondary order neurons

D. The signal is the combined signal of many graded potentials

Sensory systems

1.All sensory input arrives at the central nervous system in the same form, as ____________ propagated by afferent neurons. Perception of the type and intensity of a stimulus depends on which part of the brain the impulse projects to and the firing frequency the sensory neuron.

A.action potentials B.receptor potentials C.reflexes D.frequency localizations E.thresholds

2.The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature, or specific chemicals.

A.nociceptors B.free nerve endings C.gated channels D.photoreceptors. E.ganglia

3.When membrane proteins on an olfactory neuron are stimulated by the binding of a specific chemical, what is the immediate result?

A.membrane depolarization B.membrane repolarization C.active ion transport D.membrane hyperpolarization E.neurotransmitter release

5.The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A.adult amphibians B.reptiles C.birds D.mammals E.fish

6.Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

A.stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft B.neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C.neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft D.stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation E.stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release

7.Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

A.hearing B.taste C.smell D.humidity E.vision

8.Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?

A.Meissner's corpuscles B.Ruffini endings C.Merkel cells D.red corpuscles E.Pacinian corpuscles

9.What are the receptors called that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain?
A. baroreceptors B. chemoreceptors C. nociceptors
D. thermoreceptors E. propioceptors

10. Which of the following do humans NOT have taste buds specialized to sense?

A. salty B. sour. C. sweet. D. vitamins E. bitter

1. Why are sensory receptors good translators (i.e., what do they do)?

a What are the four types of sensory receptors and give an example for each?

b. How does lateral inhibition enhance the perception of a stimulus?

c ) Why is spatial preservation so important in the somatosensory system?

d) Hair cells transduce sound waves into action potentials via mechanoreception. They communicate intensity of sound (loudness) because they fire more action potentials when the stimulus is louder; however, they are not able to transduce information regarding the location of the sound in the environment. How is location of sound determined in the brain?

e) Describe the receptive field for a hair cell (hint, what makes a given hair cell fire an action potential?). What is the main characteristic of the basilar membrane that determines the specific receptive field for an individual hair cell?