CHEM 232 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-10: Malonic Ester Synthesis, Acyl Chloride, Protic Solvent

• School: University of Victoria
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 232
• Professor: Briggs Sandy

Document Summary

Addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes and ketones. Socl2 or pcl3 or pcl5: lialh(o-t-bu)3 -78, h20, h3o+, h2o, heat. Chromium is not as harsh: ag(nh3)2 oh, h3o+ Replacement of a hydrogen adjacent to a double bond or aromatic ring. H3o+ or oh: oh-, h2o, h3o, enolate ion formation, sn2 rxn, hydrolization of ester, decarboxylation, enolate ion formation, sn2 rxn, hydrolization of ester, decarboxylation. Solvent= h2o or alcohol: strong base = lda. Nh3 + r-x: (h2 + catalyst) or (fe hcl, oh- R-nh-r": [h+] libh3cn or nabh3cn or pressure and a metal. Pcc, ch2cl: dmso, (cocl2, et3n, o3, ch2cl2, -78, me2s. Dcc promoted amide synthesis: cl, br, i, cn, h, oh. Hydrazine is a highly reactive base and reducing agent used in many industrial and medical applications. The keto is slowly turned into the enol form then the enol form (achiral) which is then reverted back to the kenol form.