PSY100H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6.2: Operant Conditioning, Nucleus Accumbens, Loud Music
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PSY100H1 Full Course Notes
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Operant conditioning: learning- using consequences to influence behaviour: voluntary (higher-cognitive) actions. Contingency: consequence depend on the action: good grades are contingent on effective studying habits. Reinforcement & punishment: reinforcement: increase likelihood of repeated response, law of effect: responses followed by satisfaction- will occur again, reinforcer: stimulus that increases likeliness of response, punishment: decrease likelihood of repeated response, punisher: stimulus that decreases behaviour. Avoidance learning: avoiding bad stimuli (prevent: avoiding negative situations- taking detour to avoid traffic. Escape learning: response removes stimulus that is already present (remove: loud music (can"t avoid it)- cover ears. Primary reinforcers: reinforce stimuli that satisfy basic survival needs: water, food, shelter, sexual contact. Secondary reinforcers: stimuli that acquire reinforcing effect b/c we associate (classically condition) them to have value: money (inherently has no value- piece of paper) food, shelter, sexual contact. Nucleus accumbens: activated during processing primary & secondary rewards: more impulsive people- release more dopamine in reward-processing brain regions.
