ECO101H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Negative Income Tax, Household Income, Earned Income Tax Credit

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A worker will either work all available time or will not work at all. As drawn in figure a, point b is preferred to points a and c. thus, the worker chooses not to enter the labor market. B, point c is preferred to both points a and b. Thus, the worker chooses not to consume any leisure and work all available time. Thus, her endowment point has moved from e to e in figure a. As long as leisure is a normal good, the indifference curve is steeper as we move up a vertical line, indicating that the slope of the indifference curve is steeper at e than at e . Thus, an increase in the price of goods lowers the reservation wage and makes the person more likely to work. To simplify the illustration of the effect on hours of work, assume for simplicity that v = 0.

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Willy the Worker has unavoidable personal commitments taking 8 hours per day. He can choose to work or to play (i.e., take leisure, a normal good) in the remaining hours. Being a graduate in Economics, he can charge $100 per hour for his consulting services when he chooses to work. The government's income tax system has a 0% tax rate for daily incomes from $0 to $ $600 per day; above $600 per day, the tax rate is 20%. Willy has a certain Utility Function U(L, I) where L = leisure play time and I = Income. His Marginal Rate of Substitution is known to be derived from this equation: MRSLI = 21/L . [Note that the "price" of Income is $1.] 1.1 (4) Willy thinks he pays enough taxes via the excise taxes on things he buys. So he decides to work the maximum number of hours he can without paying any income taxes. According to our Indifference Theory model, is Willy maximizing his satisfaction with his "no tax" choice, or should he work fewer hours? Explain your answer. [No diagram; use "the logic" of the model only.] At equilibrium, MRSLA = price ratio =PL/P1 = 100/1 = slope of BL = wage rate = 100 At "no tax” point, L = 10 and I = $600, hence MRS = 1200/10 = 120 Since MRS > P ratio, he must reduce MRS by taking more Leisure and working less He should (be at the "no tax" point / work fewer hours than the "no tax" point*)

Woody lives in Houston, and works at a college restaurant where the minimum wage per hour, w, is paid. The current minimum wage rate per hour is $8. Woody allocates his daily hours either for working or for leisure. That is, for the total 24 hours he has a day, he can choose to work (denoted as H), or do other things (denoted as L). If he works, all the money he earns, w x H, is spent on his consumption. Saving is not poosible. Both consumption and leisure are goods for him.

Woody's utility function is
U(L,C)= Squre root of CL²
MU_C=L/(2*Square root of C)
MU_L=Sqaure root of C

a) Derive Woody's MRS function. What is the MRS at (L,C) = (20,32)? State the meaning of MRS in terms of leisure and consumption.

b) Derive Woody's budget constraint equation. (Hint: C=w x H, and the total hours a day is 24)

c) What is Woody's optimal (L^*,C^*) and utility level U^*? How many hours does Woody work each day? Clearly state the utility maximization condition.

Please answer all of the following multiple choice questions... Thank you!

Hours to Produce One Unit
	Worker hours to produce yarn	Worker hours to produce fabric	Additional worker hours to produce fabric instead of yarn
Country A	8	12	?
Country B	4	13	?

Based on the data in the chart, which of the following scenarios presents the most efficient use of resources? (5 points)

	Country A produces yarn and fabric, and Country B imports both
	Country A produces yarn, and Country B produces fabric
	Country B produces yarn, and Country A produces fabric
	Country B produces yarn and fabric, and Country A imports both

	Worker hours to produce one unit of oil	Worker hours to produce one unit of natural gas
Brazil	8	4
Argentina	10	2
Mexico	7	3
United States	6	1

According to the chart, which country has an absolute advantage over the other countries in oil production? (5 points)

	Brazil
	Mexico
	Argentina
	United States

10.

U.S. companies have made fewer manufacturing contracts with China in the last few years, preferring other countries in the region. Which of the following is a potential reason? (5 points)

	China has most-favored-nation trade status with the United States.
	China has large reserves of cheap labor and can produce inexpensive goods.
	China's standard of living has increased, and workers are requesting more pay.
	Shipping costs from China over the Pacific Ocean have decreased.

11.

The U.S. government wants to restrict Nation A's access to weapons-making materials. Which of the following actions will it most likely take? (5 points)

	Establish a free-trade zone with Nation A
	Impose tariffs on certain goods imported from Nation A
	Institute an embargo on trade in certain items with Nation A
	Place a quota on certain types of goods Nation A can export

12.

Because the United States has an embargo on Cuba, (5 points)

	the United States regularly increases the taxes on Cuban imports
	Cuba exports the majority of Cuban products to American companies
	virtually no Cuban products are legally available in the United States
	Cuba must sell products directly to state governments in the United States

13.

Globalization increases the interdependency of the world's countries. Inflation in one country would most likely (5 points)

	not impact inflation in other countries
	cause deflation in other countries
	result in stagflation in other countries
	relate to inflation in other countries

ECO101H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Negative Income Tax, Household Income, Earned Income Tax Credit

ECO101H1 Full Course Notes

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