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CHM138H1 Chapter all: Synthetic Polymers

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1 Dec 2016

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CHM136H1 Full Course Notes

CHM136H1 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Polymers are comprised of several structural units called monomers. They are constructed by covalent bonds to form long chains. Synthetic polymers are researched and developed by scientists under specific conditions while biopolymers occur naturally in nature. The names of polymers are typically based on its repeating monomer added with the prefix poly-. For polymers whose monomer is called in two words, a parenthesis is used to highlight the name of the monomer. e. g. poly(vinyl acetate) Some polymers are also called by their trade names. A homopolymer refers to a polymer that consists of only one monomer unit. A copolymer refers to a polymer made up of a combination of two or more monomer units. Alternating copolymers have an alternating sequence of two monomer units. Random copolymers have a random monomer distribution along the chain-like structure. Block copolymers have two or more homopolymer blocks connected together. Graft copolymers have a homopolymer chain grafted to the backbone of another homopolymer.

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11/3 11/4 4 (a) What is an a-amino acid? (b) How do amino acids react to form proteins? Vinyl chloride is industrially important because it is the monomer from which the polymer, poly(vinyl chlonide (PVC) is obtained. Explain what s meant by monomer and polymer and name the process by which a monomer is converted to a polymer Wite an equation to represent the conversion of vinyl chloride to PVC 5 Write a chemical equation for the formation of alanylserine from the constituent amino acids 10. Polypeptides and proteins are important biological examples of condensation polymers. Draw in 2-D, two repeating units of the polypeptide formed only from the amino acid, glycine: NH CH-CO,H 6 Wha t amino acids would be obtained by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide? H2NCHCNHCH CNHCHCOH 11. Nylon is a polyamide-type of polymer often derived from the reaction between two different monomers 1,6-diaminohexane, HN(CHzuNH, and hexane 1,6-dioic acid HOC(CH2)aCO2H. (CHj)2 ?? ????? ?? (a) Identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in each of the reactant molecules and then indicate which atoms are likely to react with each other Given that one water molecule is eliminated for each reaction between two monomer molecules give a part structure of the polymer comprising three monomer units Polymers 7. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? (b) 8. Clearly define: (a) addition polymers (b) condensation polymers 9 Chloroethene (rinyl chloride) CHa CHCI, is an important industrial organic chemical. In industry it is produced by two different reaction sequences. (a) One reaction sequence involves reaction between ethene (ethylene) and chlorine, followed by strong heating of the reaction product. Write equations to represent these two reactions and classify each reaction as either substitution, addition or elimination. (b) The other reaction uses ethyne (acetylene) as the organic starting material. Write an equation to represent the reaction by which ethyne can be converted to vinyl chloride

Show transcribed image text 11/3 11/4 4 (a) What is an a-amino acid? (b) How do amino acids react to form proteins? Vinyl chloride is industrially important because it is the monomer from which the polymer, poly(vinyl chlonide (PVC) is obtained. Explain what s meant by monomer and polymer and name the process by which a monomer is converted to a polymer Wite an equation to represent the conversion of vinyl chloride to PVC 5 Write a chemical equation for the formation of alanylserine from the constituent amino acids 10. Polypeptides and proteins are important biological examples of condensation polymers. Draw in 2-D, two repeating units of the polypeptide formed only from the amino acid, glycine: NH CH-CO,H 6 Wha t amino acids would be obtained by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide? H2NCHCNHCH CNHCHCOH 11. Nylon is a polyamide-type of polymer often derived from the reaction between two different monomers 1,6-diaminohexane, HN(CHzuNH, and hexane 1,6-dioic acid HOC(CH2)aCO2H. (CHj)2 ?? ????? ?? (a) Identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in each of the reactant molecules and then indicate which atoms are likely to react with each other Given that one water molecule is eliminated for each reaction between two monomer molecules give a part structure of the polymer comprising three monomer units Polymers 7. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? (b) 8. Clearly define: (a) addition polymers (b) condensation polymers 9 Chloroethene (rinyl chloride) CHa CHCI, is an important industrial organic chemical. In industry it is produced by two different reaction sequences. (a) One reaction sequence involves reaction between ethene (ethylene) and chlorine, followed by strong heating of the reaction product. Write equations to represent these two reactions and classify each reaction as either substitution, addition or elimination. (b) The other reaction uses ethyne (acetylene) as the organic starting material. Write an equation to represent the reaction by which ethyne can be converted to vinyl chloride