PSYC62H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Nucleus Accumbens, Dental Caries, Nasal Congestion
Document Summary
Psychostimulant- increase psychomotor and sympathetic nervous system activity; alertness and positive mood. Amphetamines- class of drugs that share similar structure; Adderall- used for attention hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy; metamphetamine- adhd. Amphetamine- raising blood pressure, teat adhd, narcolepsy; improve alertness and reduce fatigue; ephedrine and pseudophedrine- cold medications. Cocaine- erthroxylon coca; appetite suppression, anhance vigor and stamina (coca-cola- reduce headache, relive exhaustion), reducing fatigue. Reinforcing- intravenous injection (salt forms), insufflation (salt forms, peak effect at 15 mins) and inhalation (base forms) Methylecgonidine- byproduct of freebase synthesis that is harmful to heart, liver, lungs. Cocaine: inhalation- 1. 4 min. peek; intravenous- 3. 1 min; insufflation- 14. 6 min. Some produce active metabolites in the liver- exhibit similar drug effects. Cathinone metabolism in liver: produces active metabolite norephedrine. Metabolite cocaethylene, from cocaine and alcohol, psychostimulant properties. Polydrug use = increase likelihood of abuse. Elimination rates: amphetamine half-life- 10hrs, methamphetamine- 11hrs, cocaine- 1 hr, methylphenidate- 2hrs; requires more administration for steady effect for adhd.
