PSYB01H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Critical Reading, Standard Deviation, Dependent And Independent Variables
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Experimental researcher able to exercise control over variables that are assumed to be the causal agents producing predicted effect. Nonexperimental actions and events carefully measured and catalogued, but independent variable cannot be directly manipulated. Eg. naturalistic observation, quasiexperiment, correlational, survey, & single-subject or small- Paul ekman: conducted nonexperimental study showing people from developed and underdeveloped countries photographs of facial expressions; everyone interpreted it the same. Thus, facial expressions of emotions are not socially or culturally learned, rather they are universal products of evolution. Goal of research is to provide scientific understanding which includes: description and explanation. Conceptual definition provides the meaning, often rather broad in scope, of an abstract term, such as intelligence, anxiety or emotion. Emotion a rapid and coordinated response system that evolved to enable humans to react quickly and effectively to events that affect their welfare communication . Operational definition indicates how concept is coded, measured, or quantified.
