CHM120H5 Chapter 12: 4/9
18 Jan 2019
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This is because after removing the first electron which is in the first shell, there are still two protons, but only one electron, in the inner most shell closer to the nucleus. Thus, there is a stronger attraction resulting in more energy needed to pull the atom apart. Atomic radius: measure of the size of the atom: decreasing going from left to right across a period, this is because the increasing effective nuclear charge (decreasing shielding) in going from left to right. This means that the valence electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus, decreasing the size of the atom. Increasing down a group as there is an increasing in the orbital sizes in successive principle quantum levels. Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attractions of the closely packed, oppositely charged ions: atoms are so different that one or more electrons are trans- ferred to form oppositely charged ions.
