PSY 3103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Naturalistic Observation, Dependent And Independent Variables, Electric Shock
20 Oct 2016
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Appetitive stimulus: an event that an organism will seek out. Food is an appetitive stimulus when we are hungry. Aversive stimulus: an event that an organism will avoid. Electric shock and extreme heat are examples. Those two are sometimes referred to as pleasant and unpleasant. A person may claim that a certain experience is unpleasant, yet work actively to obtain it (ex. Baseline: the normal frequency of a behaviour before some intervention. Case study approach: a descriptive research approach that involves intensive examination of one or a few individuals. Changing-criterion design: a type of single-subject design in which the effect of the treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behaviour matches a criterion that is systematically altered. Comparative design: a type of control group design in which different species constitute one of the independent variables. Contingency: a predictive relationship between two event such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probably occurrences of the other.
