HSS 3305 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Esophagitis, Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Gastric Mucosa
4 Apr 2019
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Document Summary
Muscular tube that extends from pharynx to stomach with sphincters at both upper and lower ends: upper sphincter relaxes to allow passage of swallowed food. Lower (gastroesophageal or cardiac) sphincter relaxes to allow passage of food to the stomach. Conditions: failure of cardiac sphincter to function properly, tears in lining of esophagus from retching and vomiting, esophageal obstruction from carcinoma, food impaction, or stricture. Symptoms difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), inability to swallow (complete obstruction), regurgitation of food into trachea, choking and coughing. Infection increases w age, spreads person-to-person through close contact and fecal-oral route. Increased risk of gastric carcinoma intestinal metaplasia: gastritis often leads to atrophy of gastric mucosa and causes gastric epithelium to change into an abnormal intestinal-type epithelium. Increased risk of malignant lymphoma gastritis overstimulates the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, may lead to unregulated growth of lymphocytes that progress to gastric lymphoma.
