BIOC 202 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Glycogen, Hydrolysis, Cytosol
Document Summary
Free 4" oh (non reducing: a(1->4) linkages: curved polymer chain, allows for more compact packing, b(1->4) linkages: straight chain. Glycogen synthesis: glucose 6 phosphate (hexokinase/glycolysis, converted to glucose 1 phosphate by phosphoglucose mutase, activated form of glucose made by attaching glucose to uridine triphosphate (utp), form uridine diphosphate glucose (udp glucose) and pyrophosphate, catalyzed by udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Fates of glucose 6 phosphate: glycolysis (muscle, dephosphorylation by glucose 6 phosphatase and release into the blood stream (liver, pentose phosphate pathway to generate ritose and nadph. Gluconeogenesis: process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, occurs in liver (and kidney to less extent) to maintain blood glocuse levels. Which molecules can be used to make glucose: lactate/pyruvate. Some amino acids can be broken down into pyruvate. Some are broken down into krebs cycle intermediates. How does this help: oxaloacetate is a key intermediate in gluconeogenesis, any krebs cycle intermediate can be used to make oxaloacetate (and thus glucose) except acetyl coa.
