LING 222 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Inalienable Possession, Nominative Case, Verb
13 Sep 2017
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Chapter 2: some words fit in more than one category, language universals: a properties found in all languages (all languages have syntactic categories, open class: words can be added to lexical categories (to google) Predicate (expresses an event, action, process, or state. ) Transitive verbs are verbs that need a direct object (he read that book) Only have one participant (or argument: lee sneezed. Ditransitive verbs: x verb y to/for z: bob handed the letter to his mother, bob gave the children some flowers. Ambitransitive verbs: verbs that can be transitive or intransitive: cook, read, sing etc. Tense: grammatically expression of location in time. Aspect: whether an action is ongoing or completed (progressive and perfect) Mood: marks possibility, probability and certainty: modal auxiliaries often express mood hence the term (modal) Valency- changing processes: alter the (cid:862)argu(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:863) stru(cid:272)ture of the (cid:448)er(cid:271) (cid:272)ha(cid:374)gi(cid:374)g its basic syntactic requirements. The argument structure is the relationship between subject, object and verb as seen in passive sentences.
