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ACC 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Gross Margin, Gross Profit, Profit Margin

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School
Ryerson University
Department
Accounting
Course
ACC 100
Professor
Keith Whelan

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Document Summary

Both buy and sell inventory, transaction entries must record a buyer and seller of inventory. They use a multiple step income statement, because it provides more detail and helps stakeholders make decisions. Service company: provides a service and pays employee to do the work and collects cash from customers. Main source of revenue is providing services, they may sell products but it"s only a small source of revenue. Gdp or gross domestic product is driven by personal consumption which is driven by. People like to buy things which makes the economy moves, so merchandising is important. Merchandising is the most influential industry in north america (circa 2012, it was. Who are we talking about when we say retail sales. Operating cycle of a merchandising company: purchase inventory from suppliers on account (company is a buyer, pay cash to suppliers, sell inventory to customers on account (company is a seller, receive cash from customer, then repeat.

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Related Questions

1. Inventory is classified on the balance sheet as a

a.current liability

b.long-term asset

c.current asset

d.long-term liability

 

2. What is the term applied to the excess of sales over the cost of goods sold?

a.net income

b.gross profit

c.operations

d.gross sales

 

3. The inventory system employing accounting records that continuously disclose the amount of inventory is called

a.periodic

b.retail

c.perpetual

d.physical

 

4. Calculate the gross profit for Jefferson Company based on the following:

Sales                          $764,000

Selling Expenses         $42,500

Cost of Goods Sold      $538,000

a.$183,500

b.$721,500

c.$495,500

d.$226,000

 

5. Calculate income from operations for Jonas Company based on the following data:

Sales                          $764,000

Selling Expenses         $52,500

Cost of Goods Sold      $538,000

a.$226,000

b.$711,500

c.$485,500

d.$173,500

 

6. The primary difference between the periodic and perpetual inventory systems is that a

a.periodic system keeps a record showing the inventory on hand at all times

b.periodic system determines the inventory on hand only at the end of the accounting period

c.periodic system records the cost of the sale on the date the sale is made

d.periodic system provides an easy means to determine inventory shrinkage

 

7. In credit terms of 3/15, n/45, the "3" represents the

a.percent of the cash discount

b.full amount of the invoice

c.number of days when the entire amount is due

d.number of days in the discount period

 

8. Which of the following accounts has a normal credit balance?

a.Inventory

b.Accounts Receivable

c.Sales

d.Delivery Expense

 

9. Using a perpetual inventory system, the entry to record the purchase of $30,000 of merchandise on account would include a

a.debit to Inventory

b.debit to Accounts Payable

c.credit to Sales

d.credit to Inventory

 

10. Which of the following accounts usually has a debit balance?

a.Sales

b.Inventory

c.Accounts Payable

d.Sales Tax Payable

 

11. If title to merchandise purchases passes to the buyer when the goods are shipped from the seller, the terms are

a.n/30

b.consigned

c.FOB shipping point

d.FOB destination

 

12. When goods are shipped FOB destination and the seller pays the freight charges, the buyer

a.does not take a discount

b.journalizes a reduction for the cost of the merchandise

c.makes no journal entry for the freight

d.journalizes a reimbursement to the seller

 

13. When the perpetual inventory system is used, the inventory sold is debited to

a.Supplies Expense

b.Cost of Goods Sold

c.Sales

d.Inventory

 

14. Generally, the revenue account for a merchandising business is entitled

a.Gross Sales

b.Sales

c.Gross Profit

d.Fees Earned

Periodic inventory system. Each of the following four horizontal lines represents data taken from a separate multiple-step income statement. Insert the missing amounts in the space (empty box) provided. Indicate any net loss by placing brackets around the amount.

Hint: Not all parts of the income statement are shown, so be careful with your arithmetic.

Beginning Inventory

Purchases

Cost of Goods Available for Sale

Ending Inventory

Cost of Goods Sold

a.

$180,000

$325,000

$80,000

Sales (Revenue)

Cost of Goods Sold

Gross Profit

Operating Expenses

Net Income

b.

$240,000

$145,000

$32,000

Revenue (Sales)

Cost of Goods Available for Sale

Ending Inventory

Cost of Goods Sold

Gross Profit

Operating Expenses

Net Income

c.

$515,000

$240,000

$145,000

$225,000

$145,000

. For each question below, circle the best answer from the choices given. (

1 : Under the periodic inventory system the purchases of merchandise are recorded at their selling prices.
a. True b. False

2 : Inventory shrinkage does not include the loss of merchandise through shoplifting.
a. True b. False

3 : Only under the periodic inventory system is a physical count of the inventory necessary.
a. True b. False

4 : It is not possible to have more inventory at the end of a period then at the beginning of a period.
a. True b. False

5) True and false. Indicate whether each of the following is True (T) or False (F). (5 POINTS)

T F 1. US Treasury bills that mature within 120 days are cash equivalents.

T F 2. Financial assets describe not just cash, but all assets that are easily and directly convertible into known amounts of cash.

T F 3. Good cash mgmt. dictates that any cash and checks received each day should be deposited the same day.

T F 4. The income statement approach to estimating Bad debts Expense emphasizes the aging of accounts receivable and the adjustment of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts account to the level of the estimated uncollectible amount.

T F 5. When I use the allowance method for accounts receivable, I will recognize a Bad Debt Expense at the same time the account is taken off the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger.

. For each question below, circle the best answer from the choices given.

1. Which of the following items would cause the ending balance on the bank statement to be larger than the ending balance of cash shown in the accounting records (checkbook)?

A) Bank service charges.

B) Deposits in transit.

C) Outstanding checks.

D) NSF check from one of the depositor's customers.

2. When a bank reconciliation has been satisfactorily completed, the only related entries to be made in the company’s records are:

A) To correct errors made by the bank in recording the dollar amounts of cash transactions during the period.

B) To reconcile items explaining the difference between the balance per books and the balance per bank stmt.

C) To record outstanding checks and bank service charges.

D) To record items explaining the difference between the balance per accounting records and the adj. cash bal.

3. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts represents:

A) Cash set aside to make up for bad debt losses.

B) The amount of uncollectible accounts written off to date.

C) The difference between total credit sales and collections on credit sales.

D) The difference between the face value of A/R and the net realizable value of A/R.

4. In preparing a bank reconciliation, a service charge shown on the bank statement should be:

A) Added to the balance per the bank statement.

B) Deducted from the balance per the bank statement.

C) Added to the balance per the depositor's records.

D) Deducted from the balance per the depositor's records.

5. During preparation of a bank reconciliation, outstanding checks should be:

A) Added to the balance per the bank statement.

B) Deducted from the balance per the bank statement.

C) Added to the balance per the depositor's records.

D) Deducted from the balance per the depositor's records.

Bank reconciliation. Indicate what effect each situation will have on the bank reconciliation process (Match the situation with the bank reconciliation process below by placing the number of the process next to the situation). Note that there are more situations than processes, so some processes may be used more than once, but not all processes have to be used. Only one process is required for each situation. Hint: Determine if Cash is increasing or decreasing

Process

Deduct from bank balance 2. Add to bank balance

3. Deduct from checkbook balance 4. Add to checkbook balance

Situation

_______ Bank received $2,750 from one of your customers (Terms: Cash in advance)

_______ Bank collection (wire) fee was $15

_______ Check number 111 was outstanding for $55

_______ A $400 check was written, but recorded on the books as $40

_______ Interest received from your bank for the month was $16.55

1. Which statement is normally prepared first? (Points : 3) Income statement Balance sheet Statement of cash flows Retained earnings statement2. When a business borrows money, it incurs a(n) (Points : 3) tax. liability. cash payment. all of these.3. More than 70% of businesses are organized as what type of business? (Points : 3) Not-for-profit Corporation Partnership Sole proprietorship4. Brennan, Inc. had revenues of $234,000, expenses of $175,000, and dividends of $40,000 during 2009. Which of the following statements is correct? (Points : 3) Net income for 2009 totaled $19,000. Net income for 2009 totaled $59,000. Total retained earnings increased by $59,000 during 2009. Total retained earnings decreased by $40,000 during 2009.5. The statement of cash flows is integrated with the balance sheet because (Points : 3) the cash at the beginning of the period plus or minus the cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities equals the end of period cash reported on the balance sheet. the cash at the beginning of the period plus or minus the net income equals the end of period cash reported on the balance sheet. the cash at the beginning of the period plus or minus assets and liabilities equals the end of period cash reported on the balance sheet. the cash at the beginning of the period plus or minus the cash flows from operating activities equals the end of period cash reported on the balance sheet.6. The basic financial statements do NOT include the (Points : 3) income statement. tax return balance sheet. statement of cash flows.7. A __________ is an economic event that under generally accepted accounting principles affects an element of the financial statements and must be recorded. (Points : 3) framework control set of rules transaction8. The payment of a liability (Points : 3) decreases assets and stockholders' equity. increases assets and decreases liabilities. decreases assets and increases liabilities. decreases assets and decreases liabilities. 9. Co. received $1,000 from Newbie as rent for the use of a building owned by UNI. How does this transaction affect UNI's accounts if UNI recognizes a liability? (Points : 3) Cash is increased and revenue is increased. Cash is increased and revenue is decreased. Cash is increased and unearned revenue is increased. It is not recorded.10. Depreciation Expense and Accumulated Depreciation are classified, respectively, as (Points : 3) expense and contra asset. asset and contra liability. revenue and asset. contra asset and expense.11. Deferred expenses (prepaid expenses) are items initially recorded as assets but are expected to become __________ over time. (Points : 3) Liabilities Assets stockholders%u2019 equity Expenses12. A&M Co. provided services of $1,000,000 to clients on account. How does this transaction affect A&M%u2019s accounts? (Points : 3) Increase accounts receivable and cash by $1,000,000 each Increase accounts receivable and revenues by $1,000,000 each Increase accounts receivable and unearned revenues by $1,000,000 each No effect at this time13. Multiple-step income statements show: (Points : 3) gross profit but not income from operations. neither gross profit nor income from operations. both gross profit and income from operations. income from operations but not gross profit.14. Since merchandise inventory is normally sold within a year, how is it reported on the balance sheet? (Points : 3) As a revenue As the cost of merchandise sold It does not appear on the Balance Sheet As a current asset15. The credit terms of a sale are normally indicated on a(n) (Points : 3) purchase order. invoice. bill of lading. account receivable.16. Inventory shortage is recorded when (Points : 3) merchandise is returned by a buyer. merchandise purchased from a seller is incomplete or short. merchandise is returned to a seller. there is a difference between a physical count of inventory and inventory records. 17. The bank reconciliation (Points : 3) should be prepared by an employee who records cash transactions. is part of the internal control system. is for information purposes only. is sent to the bank for verification.18. A special cash fund used to make small payments that occur frequently is called a(n) (Points : 3) operating expenses fund. change fund. market fund. petty cash fund.19. The objectives of internal control are to (Points : 3) control the internal organization of the accounting department personnel and equipment. provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded, information is processed accurately, and laws and regulations are complied with. prevent fraud and promote the social interest of the company. provide control over %u201Cinternal-use only%u201D reports and employee internal conduct.20. When a firm uses internal auditors, it is adhering to which of the following internal control elements? (Points : 3) Risk assessment Proofs and security measures Monitoring Separating responsibilities for related operations21. What type of account is Allowance for Doubtful Accounts? (Points : 3) Contra asset Asset Revenue Expense22. Merchandise inventory is reported on the balance sheet in the section entitled (Points : 3) current assets. fixed assets. current liabilities. stockholders' equity.23. Receivables are usually a significant portion of (Points : 3) total current liabilities. total liabilities. total current assets. total assets.24. The inventory data for an item for November are: Nov.1 Inventory 25 units at $20 10 Purchased 30 units at $21 30 Purchased 10 units at $22 Sold 35 unitsUsing the first-in, first-out method, what is the cost of the merchandise inventory of 30 units on November 30? (Points : 3) $640 $605 $623 $66025. All amounts paid to get an asset in place and ready for use are referred to as (Points : 3) capital expenditures. revenue expenditures. residual value. cost of an asset.26. Fixed assets are ordinarily presented in the balance sheet (Points : 3) at current market values. at replacement costs. at cost less accumulated depreciation. in a separate section along with intangible assets.27. Goodwill is (Points : 3) amortized similar to other intangibles. only written down if an impairment in value occurs. charged to expense immediately. amortized over 40 years or its economic life, whichever is shorter.28. If a capital expenditure is treated as a revenue expenditure, then (Points : 3) expenses are overstated and owners' equity is understated. expenses are overstated and assets are overstated. expenses are understated and owners' equity is overstated. net income is overstated and owners' equity is understated.29. A bond indenture is (Points : 3) a contract between the corporation issuing the bonds and the underwriters selling the bonds. the amount due at the maturity date of the bonds. a contract between the corporation issuing the bonds and the bondholders. the amount for which the corporation can buy back the bonds prior to the maturity date.30. Gross earnings for a payroll period less payroll deductions are referred to as (Points : 3) overtime pay. bonus pay. gross pay. net pay.31. How is treasury stock shown on the balance sheet? (Points : 3) As an asset As a decrease in stockholders' equity As an increase in stockholders' equity Treasury stock is not shown on the balance sheet.32. Current liabilities are (Points : 3) due but not receivable for more than one year. due but not payable for more than one year. due and receivable within one year. due and payable within one year.33. The total earnings of an employee for a payroll period are referred to as (Points : 3) take-home pay. pay net of taxes. net pay. gross pay.34. Where is interest expense listed on the income statement? (Points : 3) Other expense section Cost of merchandise sold Operating expenses Interest expense is on the balance sheet, not the income statement.35. A corporation has 50,000 shares of $100 par value stock outstanding. If the corporation issues a 4-for-1 stock split, the number of shares outstanding after the split will be (Points : 3) 200,000 shares. 50,000 shares. 250,000 shares. 12,500 shares.