BIOL 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Boiling Point, Colligative Properties, Croatian Radiotelevision
5 Dec 2013
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Document Summary
Atom- smallest functional unit of matter, forms all chemical substance, cannot be broken down. Atomic nucleus- where protons and neutrons are confined to a small space. Protons have one unit of positive charge. Electrons have one unit of negative charge. Nucleus has a net positive charge equal to the number of protons. Nucleus has no electric charge because the protons attract an equal number of electrons. Electrons do not orbit the nucleus in an organized path. Electrons travel within in regions that surround the nucleus. Orbitals- where there is a high probability of finding electrons. Some orbital are propeller or dumbbell shaped (p orbital) The energy shell closest to the nucleus fills up with the lowest energy electrons first and then higher. Orbitals occupy energy shells that are associated with specific energy levels. Second energy shell: two orbitals, one spherical (2s) and three dumbbell (2p) Electrons determine how many orbitals and energy shells.
