CHEM 2E03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Enantiomeric Excess, Polarimetry, Sodium-Vapor Lamp

84 views6 pages

greendinosaur870

15 Sep 2016

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Constitutional isomers: same molecular formula but different constitution (order of connectivity of atoms); differ in connectivity: different compounds, different physical properties. Stereoisomers: same molecular formula and constitution but different spatial arrangement of atoms: eg. Cis: exhibits groups on the same side of the ring double bond. Trans: exhibits groups on opposite sides of the ring / double bond. Double bonds do not experience free rotation as single bonds do rotation would destroy the overlap between p orbitals. In order to use the cis-trans terminology, there must be two identical groups to compare. Hydrogen atoms can also be used to assign cis-trans terminology. When two identical groups are connected to the same position, there cannot be cis-trans isomerism since it doesn"t exhibit stereoisomerism. A right hand and left hand are mirror images of one another but not identical. Chiral objects: objects that are not superimposable on their mirror images. Achiral molecules are superimposable with their mirror images.

Related Questions

Classify each of the following statements as true or false:

a) To be classified as organic, a compound must be or have been part of a living organism.

b) Carbon atoms normally form four bonds in organic compounds.

c) Only an unsaturated hydrocarbon can engage in an addition reaction.

d) Members of a homologous series differ by a distinct structural unit.

e) Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

f) Alkyl groups are a class of organic compounds.

g) Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

h) Cis-trans isomerism appear among alkenes but not alkynes.

i) All aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated.

j) Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure.

k) An alcohol has an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen atom, and an ether has two.

l) Carbonyl groups are found in alcohols and aldehydes.

m) An ester is an aromatic carbon made from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

n) An amine has one, two, or three alkyl groups substituted for hydrogens in an ammonia molecule.

o) An amide has the structure of a carboxylic acid except that replaces OH in the carboxyl group.

p) A peptide linkage series arises when a water molecule forms from a hydrogen from the of one amino acid molecule an from an another amino acid molecule.