BIOLOGY 3UU3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Ion, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors, Keap1
13 Apr 2017
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Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species by toren finkel. Reactive oxygen species (ros) are important regulators of intracellular signaling pathways. They carry out their special properties by covalent modification of specific cysteine residues found within redox-sensitive target proteins. It is unknown how much oxygen is allocated to ros production but studies point to a maximum of 2 percent. (cid:120) other sources include: intracellular enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenases, cytochrome p450 enzymes, and lipoxygenases. Growth factor signaling and cysteine residues (cid:120) hydrogen peroxide is essential for normal growth factor signaling: growth factors such as pdgf and egf stimulated bursts of ros production, dual specific phosphatases also a target. Inhibiting rise in ros was found to inhibit tyrosine kinase signaling. (cid:120) cysteine residues have unique chemistry which is the basis for the regulation of phosphatase activity by oxidants (see fig 2) Oxidative stress and human disease (cid:120) (cid:120) (cid:120)
