BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Periodontitis, Homo Sapiens, Australopithecus
18 Sep 2016
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Thinner enamel, more rounded skulls, face is smaller with less protruding, jaws and jaw muscles reduced in size. Smaller brained individuals h. habilis; robust species with larger brains h. rudolfensis. Pleistocene started 1. 8mya with a cooling trend the last 6mya: ergaster. 1. 8 - 0. 6mya; evolved from early homo; found in kenya, ethiopia, tanzania, south africa; african. Skull differs from modern humans and earlier hominins. Human-like, derived: shorter and less prognathic face, taller skull, smaller jaws, postcanine teeth, reduction of roots in premolars. Earlier-hominins, ancestral: marked narrowing behind the eyes, receding forehead, no chin. Stuff not in hominins or humans: horizontal ridge at back of skull (occipital torus), large browridges. Adapted for life in a drier environment better adapted for tearing and biting and less to heavy chewing. Reduced sexual dimorphism males only 20-30% larger than females. Fullty committed to life on ground was the first hominin that could run for long distances: ergaster: tools and subsistence.
