NUTR 513 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Plant Cell, Cell Plate, Nuclear Membrane
Document Summary
Based on morphological differences, two broad grouping of life: prokaryotes, lack membrane bound nucleus, eukaryotes, membrane bound nucleus. According to phylogeny or evolutionary history, there are three domains: archaea, bacteria & eukarya: prokaryotic cells. Bacterial cells: vary greatly in size and shape, well studied: plasma membrane, a single chromosome, ribosomes, which synthesizes proteins, dna. Other structures in the cytoplasm: ribosomes: consist of rna molecules and protein, for protein synthesis, some have photosynthetic membranes, cytoskeletons and/or an organelle. Bacterial organelles: membrane-bound compartments inside the cell that contains enzymes or structures specialized for a particular function. External structure: flagella: rotate to power swimming in aquatic species, cell wall: tough fibrous layer that surrounds the plasma membrane, eukaryotic cells. Compartmentalization offers two primary advantages: separation of incompatible chemical reactions, the efficiency of chemical reactions is increased. Single; contains receptors for entry of selected proteins. Single; contains receptors for products of rough er.
