BIOL 225 Chapter Notes - Chapter 48-49: Meninges, Thalamus, Temporal Lobe
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Neurons: the nerve cells that transfer information within the body. Central nervous system: brain and a longitudinal nerve cord. Peripheral nervous system: neurons that carry information into and out of the cns. *animal that doesn"t have brain has ganglia interneurons local circuits connecting neurons in the brain motor neurons transmit signals to muscle cells. Axon hillock cone shaped base of an axon, typically where signals that travel down the axon are generated. Glial cells supporting cells that nourish neurons, insulate the axons of neurons and regulate the extracellular fluid surrounding neurons synapse junction between two cells neurotransmitters pass information from the transmitting neuron to the receiving cell. If the depolarization passes the threshold, all sodium gates open. The inside of the neuron briefly becomes positively charged. The potassium gates then open (as the sodium gates close and become inactivated) Potassium diffuses out, making the inside of the neuron negatively charged again.
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