PSYC 381 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Extraversion And Introversion, Agreeableness, Midlife Crisis
14 Jun 2018
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What are traits? Describe the five-factor model of dispositional traits, and
summarize the evidence regarding the stability of traits with age. What can be
concluded from the study of dispositional traits? (pp. 247-252)
-A trait is any distinguishable, relatively enduring way that one individual
differs from others.
-The five factor model consists of five independent dimensions of
personality:
1. neuroticism
2. extraversion
3. openness to experience
4. agreeableness
5. conscientiousness.
-Personality traits stop changing by age 20.
-Decrease in openness to new experiences with increasing age.
-Personality growth does not normally occur unless there are special
circumstances that push it.
-We can conclude that personality traits remain stable throughout
adulthood.
1.
Describe the personal concerns level of personality, and explain how it
differs from the dispositional traits level. Summarize Jung's theory, and
explain its relevance to the personal concerns level of personality. (pp.
252-254)
-The personal concerns level of personality focuses on the contextual
aspect of personalities as opposed to dispositional trait.
-This differs from the dispositional traits level because the dispositional
view believes personality constructs are reducible to traits and these
traits do not differ across the lifespan or with changing goals.
-Jung says each part of the personality will be expressed in some way.
-This is similar to personal concerns level of personality because it shows
as we age we change.
-We become more one with ourselves and don't feel the pressure of
sociocultural influences.
2.
Describe Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and outline the
different classifications and expansions of his theory. Summarize the
research on generativity and its importance in adult development. (pp.
254-258)
-Erikson proposed the life cycle has eight stages of development and the
sequence of stages is biologically fixed.
1. Infancy
2. Early childhood
3. Play age
4. School age
5. Adolescence
6. Young Adulthood
7. Adulthood
8. Old age
-The research on generativity focuses largely on this aspect of life being a
continuous component of adulthood as opposed to a single period of life
as suggested by Erikson.
-McAdams's model, shows how generativity results from the complex
interconnections among societal and inner forces.
3.
Describe the class of theories known as life transition theories.
Summarize the evidence for and against a midlife crisis. What is a midlife
correction? (pp. 258-260)
-The universal assumption of life transition theories is people go through
predictable age related crises.
-Adulthood consists of a series of alternating periods of stability and
change
-Data suggests midlife is no more or no less traumatic for most people
than any other period in life
-Midlife crisis may be the result of general gains in cognitive complexity
-Midlife correction is re-evaluating ones roles and dreams and making the
necessary corrections.
-Midlife crisis is a cultural invention.
4.
What is McAdams's life-story model? Summarize Whitbourne’s identity theory.
(pp. 260-263)
-McAdam's argues a persons sense of identity cannot be understood using
the language of dispositional traits or personal concerns.
-Argues people create a life story and it is revised throughout adulthood
-Sometimes the reformulation is at a conscious level, and at other times it
is unconscious.
-Whitbournes believes that people build their own conceptions of how
their lives should proceed.
-ife span construct has two structural components:
1. Scenario - how we want our life to go.
2. Our life story -what we tell other people when they ask about our past.
5.
What is a self-concept? Describe the theories proposed to explain the
development of self concept. What is subjective well-being, and how is it
related to self-concept? What are possible selves, and how do they change with
age? (pp. 264-268)
-Self concept is the organized, coherent, integrated pattern of self
perceptions.
-Kegan attempted to integrate the development of self concept and
cognitive development. He created 6 stages of development.
-Labouvie-Vief argues that self is a product of integration of emotion and
cognition.
-Subjective well being is an evaluation of ones life associated with positive
feelings.
-Related to self concept because the how you view yourself is often based
off of satisfaction and self esteem.
-Possible selves represent what we could become, what we would like to
become, and what we are afraid of becoming.
-Your priorities with concerns often change with age.
6.
Describe the role of religiosity in forming an identity and coping. What
are the cultural differences? (pp. 268-270)
-Religion helps people deal with the challenges of life.
-Older adults who are more committed to their faith have better physical
and mental health.
-Adults who feel a lot of stress report greater coping when relying on
religion.
-Churches are a huge support system in African Americans lives.
-Similar in Asian and Asian American groups.
-People who practice meditation show more organized attention systems
and less activity in areas of the brain that focus on the self.
7.
L9 -Personality
May 24, 2018
10:18 AM
Document Summary
Describe the five-factor model of dispositional traits, and summarize the evidence regarding the stability of traits with age. What can be concluded from the study of dispositional traits? (pp. A trait is any distinguishable, relatively enduring way that one individual differs from others. The five factor model consists of five independent dimensions of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness. Decrease in openness to new experiences with increasing age. Personality growth does not normally occur unless there are special circumstances that push it. We can conclude that personality traits remain stable throughout adulthood. Describe the personal concerns level of personality, and explain how it differs from the dispositional traits level. Summarize jung"s theory, and explain its relevance to the personal concerns level of personality. (pp. The personal concerns level of personality focuses on the contextual aspect of personalities as opposed to dispositional trait.
