APP 1012 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Problem Solving, Long-Term Memory, Classical Conditioning
7 Jun 2018
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Learning
Learning is any enduring change in the way an organism responds based on its experiences.
Key issue: Learig a’t e oserved diretly. It is iferred fro ehaviour that is oserved.
A reflex is a behaviour that is automatically elicited by an environmental stimulus.
Habituation s the reduction in response if a reflex over repeated presentation of the stimulus.
Terminology
UCS- Unconditioned
Stimulus
Stimulus that naturally
elicits
reflective/autonomic
response
Food
UCR- Unconditioned
Response
Natural Response to an UCS
Salivation
Neutral Stimulus
Stimulus does not produce the
UCR normally
Bell
AFTER REPEATED PAIRING OF UCS AND UCR, THE NS BECOMES
CS- Conditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that through
learning elicits a CR
Bell
CR- Conditioned Response
Response elicited by the CS
Salivation
Conditioned Taste Aversion
UCS (Toxic Event) = UCR (Nausea)
NS (Taste of Prawns) = UCR (Nausea)
+ UCS (Toxic Event)
CS (Taste of Prawns) = CR (Nausea)
Other aspects of Conditioning
Generalisation: If a response is conditioned to a stimulus, the organism may respond to a similar
stimulus.
Discrimination: Do’t respod to a dissiilar stiulus.
Extinction: Weakening of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented
without the unconditioned stimulus.
Operant Conditioning
The learning of a new association between behaviour and its consequences. It is learning through
reinforcement and punishment.
Cognitive- Social Theories
Cognitive social theory that we form expectations about consequences of our behaviour.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Learning is any enduring change in the way an organism responds based on its experiences. It is i(cid:374)ferred fro(cid:373) (cid:271)ehaviour that is o(cid:271)served. A reflex is a behaviour that is automatically elicited by an environmental stimulus. Habituation s the reduction in response if a reflex over repeated presentation of the stimulus. After repeated pairing of ucs and ucr, the ns becomes. Cr- conditioned response response elicited by the cs. Generalisation: if a response is conditioned to a stimulus, the organism may respond to a similar stimulus. Extinction: weakening of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus. The learning of a new association between behaviour and its consequences. Cognitive social theory that we form expectations about consequences of our behaviour. Observational learning is learned by observing the behaviour of others. Limitations of behaviour depends on prestige of the model, attractiveness of the model and rewarded or punished model.
