LQB185 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue, Renal Capsule, Nephron
25 May 2018
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Chapter 26 - Urinary System
26.1 Overview of Kidney Function
➢ Kidney Functions
1. Regulation of blood ionic composition
2. Regulation of blood pH
3. Regulation of blood volume
4. Regulation of blood pressure
5. Maintenance of blood osmolality
6. Production of hormones
7. Regulation of blood glucose level
8. Excretion of wastes and foreign substances
26.2 Anatomy and Histology of the Kidneys
➢ EXTERNAL Layers (Deep to superficial)
1. Renal Capsule- smooth transparent sheet of dense irregular
connective tissue (barrier against trauma and helps maintain shape)
2. Adipose Capsule- fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule (protects
kidney from trauma and hold it in place)
3. Renal Fascia- thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue that
anchors the kidney to surrounding structures.
➢ INTERNAL Layers
1. Renal Cortex- light red region
2. Renal Medulla- deep, darker reddish-brown region
➢ Receive 20-25% of the resting cardiac output through the R) and L) renal
arteries
➢ Nephrons: functional unit of kidneys. 2 parts
1. Renal Corpuscle- blood plasma filtered
2. Renal Tubule- filtered fluid passes
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Document Summary
Kidney functions: regulation of blood ionic composition, regulation of blood ph, regulation of blood volume, regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolality, production of hormones, regulation of blood glucose level, excretion of wastes and foreign substances. Internal layers: renal cortex- light red region, renal medulla- deep, darker reddish-brown region. Receive 20-25% of the resting cardiac output through the r) and l) renal arteries. 2 parts: renal corpuscle- blood plasma filtered, renal tubule- filtered fluid passes. 99% of glomerular filtrate returns to the bloodstream via tubular reabsorption. Urine filtration goes through a leaky barrier (filtration membrane) 3 filtration barriers: glomerular endothelial cell, basal lamina, filtration slit. Principle of filtration is use of pressure to force fluids through membrane. 95% of urine is water, 5% is electrolytes, solutes and exogenous. Ureters- transports urine from kidneys to bladder. 3 layers: mucosa (membrane with transitional epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis (smooth muscle fibres, adventitia (areolar connective tissue, anchors ureters in place)
