PSY1022 Chapter Notes - Chapter Prescribed: Quota Sampling, Scatter Plot, Convenience Sampling
26 May 2018
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PSY1022 – Readings – Week 7
- sample - the group of people who participate in a study
- population - all of the people about whom a study is meant to generalise
- representative sample - a sample that is like the population
- sampling techniques
• probability sampling
•
o a sampling technique in which each member of the population has
a known probability of being selected to be part of the sample
o
▪ random sampling
▪
▪ random selection - a method of generating a random
sample in which each member of the population is
equally likely to be chosen as part of the sample.
▪ stratified random sampling
▪
▪ a sampling technique designed to ensure that
subgroups or strata are fairly represented
▪ allows you to take into account the different
subgroups of people in the population and helps
guarantee that the sample accurately represents the
population on specific characteristics
▪ divide population into subsamples or strata
▪ cluster sampling
▪
▪ a sampling technique in which clusters of
participants that represent the population are used
▪ involves using participants who are already part of a
group or cluster
• non probability sampling
•
o used when the individual members of the population do not have
an equal or known likelihood of being selected to be a member of
the sample
o a sampling technique in which the individual members of the
population do not have an equal or known likelihood of being
selected to be a member of the sample
o convenience sampling
o
▪ a sampling technique in which participants are obtained
wherever they can be found and typically where is
convenient for the researcher
▪ also referred to as haphazard sampling
o quota sampling
o
▪ a sampling technique that involves ensuring that the
sample is like the population on certain characteristics but
uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- quantitative and qualitative research
• quantitative
•
o examines variables that typically vary in quantity - size,
magnitude, duration and amount
o based on measuring variables for individual participants to obtain
scores, usually numerical values, that are submitted to statistical
analysis for summary and interpretation
• qualitative
•
o involves careful observation of participants
o based on making observations that are summarised and
interpreted in a narrative report
- research strategy
• general approach and goals of a research study
• general approach to research determined by the kind of question that the
research study hopes to answer
- descriptive methods - research
• observational method
•
o making observations of human or animal behaviour
o
▪ naturalist observation
▪
▪ observing the behaviour of animals or humans in
their natural habitat
▪ laboratory observation
▪
▪ observing the behaviour of humans or animals in a
more contrived and controlled situation, usually the
laboratory
o advantage
o
▪ flexibility to change what you are studying
o disadvantage
o
▪ researcher has little control
• case study method
•
o an in-depth study of one or more individuals
• survey method
•
o questioning individuals on a topic or topics and then describing
their responses
o disadvantage
o
▪ representative sample?
▪ wording of questions - bias
- predictive - relational methods
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sample - the group of people who participate in a study. Population - all of the people about whom a study is meant to generalise. Representative sample - a sample that is like the population. Research strategy: general approach and goals of a research study, general approach to research determined by the kind of question that the research study hopes to answer. Laboratory observation involves observation in a more contrived setting and focuses on a small number of defined behaviours: advantages less costly less time consuming, more control. Archival method: a descriptive research method that involves describing data that existed before the time of the study, advantages less time consuming, problem of reactivity minimised, disadvantage - no control over who was studied. Field studies: a method that involves observing everyday activities as they happen in a natural setting, observer is directly involved with those they are observing.
