313392 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Heredity, Parallel Computing, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform
Topic of Consciousness in Psychology
1. Consciousness is our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
2. Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with
cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
• Some neuroscientists believe that conscious experience arises from synchronized
activity across the brain (Gaillard et al., 2009; Koch & Greenfield, 2007; Schurger
et al., 2010).
3. Selective attention is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
• A classic example of selective attention is the cocktail party effect—your ability to
focus on only one voice among many.
• Inattentional blindness is failing to see visible objects when our attention is
directed elsewhere.
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• Change blindness is failing to notice changes in the environment.
4. Dual processing is the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on
separate conscious and unconscious tracks.
• Blindsight is a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus
without consciously experiencing it.
• Parallel processing is the processing of many aspects of a problem
siultaeousl; the rai’s atural ode of iforatio proessig for a
functions.
5. Sleep is periodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting
from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)
• The circadian rhythm is the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example,
of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
• REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is a recurring sleep stage during which vivid
dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles
are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
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• Alpha waves are the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
• Delta waves are the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
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Document Summary
Sleeping a lot gives resting neurons time to repair themselves, while pruning or weakening unused connections (gilestro et al. , 2009; tononi. Onge et al. , 2012): sleep deprivation slows reactions and increases errors on visual attention tasks (caldwell, 2012; lim & dinges, 2010), rem rebound is the tendency for rem sleep to increase following rem sleep deprivation, major sleep disorders: Insomnia is recurring problems in falling or staying asleep: narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. 2004, 2009): to reflect cognitive development, some dream researchers dispute both the freudian and neural activation theories, preferring instead to see dreams as part of brain maturation and cognitive development (domhoff, 2010, 2011; foulkes, Alcoholism is alcohol use marked by ____________: tolerance, withdrawal, addiction, both a & c, all of the above. Alcohol use disorder (popularly known as alcoholism) alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use (addiction).
