productsfm2Lv1

12 Oct 2023

Question #1 - Example D: June, midnight and overcast.  Asphalt pavement at temperature 18oC and cloud with a base temperature of 2oC. (2.5 marks)

 

Solve the equations to determine an answer for EXAMPLE  D:        

Q         = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out    = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in      = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

Rn        =  Q - aQ - Mout + Min = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

 

 

Question #2 - Example E: December, midday, cloudless and very dry so that downward long wave radiation (Min) is insignificant.  A newly snow covered surface at a temperature of -5oC. Assume a value of Q = 350 W m-2 (2 marks).

 

Solve the equations to determine an answer for EXAMPLE  E         

Q         = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out    = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in      = 0  (given)   W m-2

Rn        = Q - aQ - Mout + Min = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

Question #3 - Using the net radiation formula and the data collected outside, compute the net radiation over the grass covered surface (2.5 marks)

 

Calculations based on the Outside Data:

Mout=36.3 degree celsius

Min= 8.3 degree celsius

Over Grass: Surface Type Insolation - "Q" (W/m^2)
Grass 466.1
Concrete 97.7

   Reflected - "αQ" (W/m^2) grass113.3

concrete 36.0

Q           =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out    =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in      =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

Rn        =  Q - aQ - Mout + Min = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

 

 

 

Question #4 - Using the net radiation formula and the data collected outside, compute the net radiation over the concrete sidewalk. (2.5 marks) 

 

Over Concrete:

Over Grass: Surface Type Insolation - "Q" (W/m^2)
Grass 466.1
Concrete 97.7

   Reflected - "αQ" (W/m^2) grass113.3

concrete 36.0

Q          =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out   =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in     =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

Rn        =  Q - aQ - Mout + Min =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

imporant info( 30.2 degree celsius)

sky=13.3 degree celsius)

Question #1 - Example D: June, midnight and overcast.  Asphalt pavement at temperature 18oC and cloud with a base temperature of 2oC. (2.5 marks)

 

Solve the equations to determine an answer for EXAMPLE  D:        

Q         = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out    = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in      = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

Rn        =  Q - aQ - Mout + Min = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

 

 

Question #2 - Example E: December, midday, cloudless and very dry so that downward long wave radiation (Min) is insignificant.  A newly snow covered surface at a temperature of -5oC. Assume a value of Q = 350 W m-2 (2 marks).

 

Solve the equations to determine an answer for EXAMPLE  E         

Q         = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out    = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in      = 0  (given)   W m-2

Rn        = Q - aQ - Mout + Min = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

Question #3 - Using the net radiation formula and the data collected outside, compute the net radiation over the grass covered surface (2.5 marks)

 

Calculations based on the Outside Data:

 

Over Grass:

Q           =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out    =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in      =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

Rn        =  Q - aQ - Mout + Min = Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

 

 

 

Question #4 - Using the net radiation formula and the data collected outside, compute the net radiation over the concrete sidewalk. (2.5 marks) 

 

Over Concrete:

Q          =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

aQ       =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M out   =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

M in     =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

Rn        =  Q - aQ - Mout + Min =  Click or tap here to enter text.   W m-2

 

 

 

 

With reference to the Net Radiation Equation, answer the following questions.

 

1. By examining the values for each of the four terms in the net radiation equation, explain why more energy is available at the surface over water (Example B) than at the surface over land (Example A). Hint, look at Q, aQ, Mout and Min. Which are different between Example A and Example B? What makes them different? (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Why, at midday in June, is the water temperature at Example B lower than that of the land at Example A? In answering, consider the demonstration using the sand and water filled beakers and the heat lamps performed during the lab, and Strahler_Text_Figure_4.18.pdf (found in the Assignment 1 folder on Brightspace). (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. In Example A, the net radiation is used to heat the asphalt pavement. What is it used for in Example B? (Hint, only a small percentage is used to heat the water!) (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Compare Examples C and D. Which will be the warmer night? Briefly explain, using your results from the net radiation equations. (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Consider Example E. Will the bright sunshine cause the snow to melt? Briefly explain your answer using the results from the net radiation equations. (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

Global Perspective

 

Navigate to the following NASA website on Net Radiation:

 

Read the short description for the map series on the page.

 

Press the ‘play’ button on the left-hand side of the image and the movie will progress through data from 2006 until the most recent data in 2022. The area in orange indicates the region of positive net radiation, whereas the area in purple indicates the area of negative net radiation.  Watch the area covered by the orange and purple areas. Think about what is happening to create this pattern?

 

In the movie bar under the graphics that shows the progression of the images, you are able to slide the orange circle in the white bar (left or right) to select a specific month during the year. Slide the orange circle so you are looking at the data for January 2016.

 

 

1. Which location would have the highest net radiation loss in January? (1 mark)

 

1. North Pole (90oN)
2. South Pole (90oS)
3. Equator (0o)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

 

1. Why would that location identified in the question above have the highest net radiation loss in January? (1 mark)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

Now move the slider to July of 2016

 

1. Which location would have the highest net radiation gain in July? (1 mark)

 

1. Ushuaia, Argentina (54oS)
2. Miami Florida, USA (25oN)
3. Libreville, Gabon (0.4oN)
4. Reykjavik, Iceland (64oN)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Does the Niagara Region have a positive or negative net radiation gain in July? (1 mark)

 

1. Positive
2. Negative

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. When averaged over the entire year, the poles have which of the following? (1 mark)

(click the corresponding checkbox for your answer)

 

1. Net energy deficit
2. Net energy surplus

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

 

With reference to the Net Radiation Equation, answer the following questions.

 

1. By examining the values for each of the four terms in the net radiation equation, explain why more energy is available at the surface over water (Example B) than at the surface over land (Example A). Hint, look at Q, aQ, Mout and Min. Which are different between Example A and Example B? What makes them different? (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Why, at midday in June, is the water temperature at Example B lower than that of the land at Example A? In answering, consider the demonstration using the sand and water filled beakers and the heat lamps performed during the lab, and Strahler_Text_Figure_4.18.pdf (found in the Assignment 1 folder on Brightspace). (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. In Example A, the net radiation is used to heat the asphalt pavement. What is it used for in Example B? (Hint, only a small percentage is used to heat the water!) (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Compare Examples C and D. Which will be the warmer night? Briefly explain, using your results from the net radiation equations. (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Consider Example E. Will the bright sunshine cause the snow to melt? Briefly explain your answer using the results from the net radiation equations. (2 marks)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

Global Perspective

 

Navigate to the following NASA website on Net Radiation:

 

Read the short description for the map series on the page.

 

Press the ‘play’ button on the left-hand side of the image and the movie will progress through data from 2006 until the most recent data in 2022. The area in orange indicates the region of positive net radiation, whereas the area in purple indicates the area of negative net radiation.  Watch the area covered by the orange and purple areas. Think about what is happening to create this pattern?

 

In the movie bar under the graphics that shows the progression of the images, you are able to slide the orange circle in the white bar (left or right) to select a specific month during the year. Slide the orange circle so you are looking at the data for January 2016.

 

 

1. Which location would have the highest net radiation loss in January? (1 mark)

 

1. North Pole (90oN)
2. South Pole (90oS)
3. Equator (0o)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

 

1. Why would that location identified in the question above have the highest net radiation loss in January? (1 mark)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

 

Now move the slider to July of 2016

 

1. Which location would have the highest net radiation gain in July? (1 mark)

 

1. Ushuaia, Argentina (54oS)
2. Miami Florida, USA (25oN)
3. Libreville, Gabon (0.4oN)
4. Reykjavik, Iceland (64oN)

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. Does the Niagara Region have a positive or negative net radiation gain in July? (1 mark)

 

1. Positive
2. Negative

 

Click or tap here to enter text.

 

1. When averaged over the entire year, the poles have which of the following? (1 mark)

(click the corresponding checkbox for your answer)

 

1. Net energy deficit
2. Net energy surplus

 

Click or tap here to enter text.