Seven measurements of the pH of a buffer solution gave the following results:5.12;5.20;5.15;5.17;5.16;5.19;5.15. Calculate (i) The 95%and(Ii)99%confident limits for the true pH.(Assume that there are no systematic errors)

define systematic error

The precision of a method is being established, and the following data are obtained: 22.23.22.18, 22.25, 22.09, and 22.17%. Is 22.09% a valid measurement at the 95% confidence level?

The following replicate molarities were obtained when standardizing a solution: 0.1067, 0.1071, 0.1066, and 0.1050. Can one of the results be discarded as due to accidental error at the 95%confidence level?