Problem 76

Given information

The trend in second ionization energy for the elements from lithium to fluorine is not a smooth one. From the elements, , the highest second ionization energy is for and the lowest second ionization energy for . 

Step-by-step explanation

The ionization energy can be defined as the energy required to remove the valence electron from the neutral gaseous element. The first ionization energy is usually lower than the second ionization energy because the second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the electrons from the cation.