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Economics
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23 Nov 2019

Identify which of the following questions is NOT a microeconomic question.

A. Why are the fish stocks in the Atlantic ocean being depleted?

B. Why are libraries funded by the government?

C. Why is internation trade increasing?

D. Why do athletes earn more than checkout clerks?

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Related questions

**PLEASE NUMBER/LABEL EACH ANSWER **

1) Budweiser (now owned by a Belgium based beer company called InBev), Miller and Coors who together produce 85% of all beer consumed in the US, each spend well over $250 million a year on television advertising campaigns, promoting their beer brands. Obviously, if one firm is advertising its brands heavily, the others must also advertise to defend their market shares.

Do you think these firms would welcome congressional legislation which restricted the amount that any one firm could spend on advertising to $1 million yearly, and thereby allowed them all to drastically reduce their costs without fear of losing ground to each other? Are wireless telephone companies in the US market conducting the same practice of non-price competition? Explain your answer in both cases.

2) ”Most commercial fish species in nearly every ocean and sea are being rapidly depleted in what marine biologists and other specialists warn is evolving into one of the worst ecological disasters of modern times. According to the United Nations, the world’s 15 million fishermen and 23 million tons of fishing vessels represent twice as much fishing power as major stocks of fish can sustain.” Assume that ocean fishing resembles a competitive market in the following ways…there are no significant barriers to entry and there are enough individual fishermen so that none of them can affect the market price of fish.

a) Explain why competitive markets normally lead profit maximizing firms to make choices about resource use that lead to an "efficient" allocation of resources to the market?

b) If unregulated competitive markets promote "efficient" patterns of resource use, why has unregulated competition led to such serious over allocation of resources to fishing?

ead The Economist's articles, "Obama to raise trade talk concerns with Merkel."

Do you think the reduction or elimination of tariffs and notariff barriers between the U.S. and the EU through the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership will increase demand for U.S. goods and services in Europe and make european goods and services cheaper for Americans? In the face of a global recession is it wise for nations to begin raising tariffs and increasing subsidies to domestic producers? Why or why not?

Each student replies to instructor’s initial discussion question with a substantive post (minimum 250 words). Your initial post as well as a response to two other classmates initial discussion question should be done by 11:59 PM Central Standard Time (CST) - Sunday evening.

February 9, 2015 3:05 am

Obama to raise trade talk concerns with

Merke

l

Shawn Donnan, World Trade Editor

©AFP

US President Barack Obama is expected to raise concerns about the pace of

trans

-

Atlantic trade

talks with Angela Merkel when the German chancellor visits Washington on Monday with US

officials fretting that supposedly reinvigorated negotiations are instead getting off to a false start.

Following the November appointment of Cecil

ia Malmstrom, the new European trade

commissioner, both sides pledged a “fresh start” to talks over a

Trans

-

Atlantic Trade and

Investment Partnership

, or TTIP, that had been crawling along since beginning in July 2013.

But a senior US official told the Financial Times that Washington was disappointed with the

progress made in last week’s round of formal negotiations, the first since the re

-

launch, and had

decided to press

its case with Ms Merkel on Monday and in European capitals in the coming

weeks.

That frustration was partly in evidence in Brussels last week. “This week‘s round was

constructive, but we do need to see more, further concrete progress ... if we are to turn

this fresh

start into a reality,” the chief US negotiator, Dan Mullaney, told reporters on Friday as the

discussions wrapped up.

The US has in recent months been pressing the European Union to agree to exchange new offers

on the number of tariff

-

free goods

. Many see this as the easier part of the negotiations compared

with the more complex question of easing regulatory barriers to trade across the Atlantic.

Last year the US offered to eliminate tariffs on 88 per cent of goods traded between the two

economie

s, significantly lower than the 96 per cent put forward by the EU. But since then US

officials have been trying to improve their offer while also extracting more from the EU.

Liberalisation of services is another bone of contention for Washington, which is

irked that the

EU has refused to offer a similar package to that negotiated with Canada in a recently concluded

trade agreement.

The decision to raise the issue with Ms Merkel did not reflect any conflict between the German

chancellor and Mr Obama over TT

IP, the official said. Washington remains convinced she

supports the trans

-

Atlantic talks, in spite of

scepticism

among many Germans.

The concerns were instead focused on EU officials and the European Commission, the senior US

official said, and whether officials in Brussels were meeting their leaders’ desire for

more rapid

progress

. David Cameron, the UK’s prime minister, last year called for “rocket boosters” to be

placed und

er the talks.

Two senior EU trade officials on Sunday dismissed the US concerns as “spin” and told the FT

that they hoped to exchange new tariffs and services offers by July.

The EU officials also said that there had been progress in discussions over the i

nclusion of

financial services regulation in TTIP, something the US side has resisted in part because of fears

that it might water down the strict Dodd

-

Franck regulations introduced in the wake of the 2008

crisis.

But the disagreement highlights how tensio

ns remain between both sides despite efforts to make

a fresh start.

European officials have also privately raised concerns that Mr Obama’s administration is more

focused on sealing a 12

-

country Pacific Rim trade agreement now nearing conclusion, the Trans

-

Pacific Partnership, or TPP, than the trans

-

Atlantic one.

Speaking at a security conference in Munich on Saturday, Vice President Joe Biden sought to

placate the EU. “TTIP is not the stepchild to TPP,” the vice president

said

.

“We have not taken our focus off of Europe. We have not decide

d that the future lies in the

Pacific Basin. We are a Pacific power. We will assert that power, and we will remain a Pacific

power. But we are also an Atlantic power.”

Suppose that Spain and Sweden both produce fish and wine. Spain's opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 4 pounds of fish while Sweden's opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 10 pounds of fish.

By comparing the opportunity cost of producing wine in the two countries, you can tell that ( Spain or Sweden ) has a comparative advantage in the production of wine and ( Spain or Sweden ) has a comparative advantage in the production of fish.

Suppose that Spain and Sweden consider trading wine and fish with each other. Spain can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than (1 or 1/10 or 1/4 or 4 or 10 pounds ) of fish for each bottle of wine it exports to Sweden. Similarly, Sweden can gain from trade as long as it receives more than (1 or 1/10 or 1/4 or 4 or 10 bottles ) of wine for each pound of fish it exports to Spain.

Based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, the price of wine in terms of fish) would allow both Sweden and Spain to gain from trade? Check all that apply.

A) 9 pounds of fish per bottle of wine

B) 1 pound of fish per bottle of wine

C) 16 pounds of fish per bottle of wine

D) 2 pounds of fish per bottle of wine

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