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7. Unions and productivity In some industries, the labor productivity of union workers exceeds the labor productivity of nonunion workers.

Which of the following might help explain the higher productivity of union workers?

Check all that apply.

A. Higher union wage rates allow companies to attract more highly skilled workers.

B. Unions are always more efficient than firms at discerning which workers are highly skilled and which are not.

C. Because union wages exceed nonunion wages, employees may be encouraged to work harder.

D. Unions may provide information to companies about how to improve operations and eliminate problems in the work environment.

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Elin Hessel
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17 Oct 2018
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Related questions

Question 1 (1 point) Right-to-work laws in individual states:

make it illegal to require union membership as a condition for continued employment.

were allowed by the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

make it illegal to run a "closed shop" in that state.

all of the above.

Question 2 (1 point) In the figure to the right, the wage rate that maximizes the total union member income earned is:

W2.

W1.

W3.

uncertain without more information.

Question 4 (1 point) An example of featherbedding would be:

a union trying to increase worker productivity.

a union trying to increase demand for union labor.

a union trying to increase demand for union-made products.

an act banned by the Taft-Hartley Act.

Question 5 (1 point) The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 (the Labor Management Relations Act):

is the key legislative act that requires management to bargain with unions.

made certain union practices such as closed-shops illegal.

is the key legislative act that permits unions to organize and to strike.

is perceived by union leaders as the most important legislation enabling unions to improve the wages of their members.

Question 8 (1 point) In order to raise wages above the market level for its workers, a union must:

have monopsony power.

recruit better workers.

have the support of the government.

limit the supply of labor in an industry.

Question 9 (1 point) What are the effects of labor unions on wages and productivity?

Wages are lower for union members than non-union members because union dues are so high.

Productivity increases because the marginal factor cost is equated to the marginal revenue product of labor.

Wages are the same for union members and non-union members.

Productivity does not increase or decrease as the result of unions.

Wages are higher for union members than non-union members.

Productivity may decrease because of the way some collective bargaining rules specify how jobs should be done or productivity may increase due to reduced turnover.

Productivity increases due to reduced turnover or because of the way some collective bargaining rules specify how jobs should be done.

Question 10 (1 point) Under bilateral monopoly, the wage rate is:

indeterminate.

higher than the competitive wage rate.

equal to the competitive wage rate.

lower than the competitive wage rate.

1. Critically evaluate each of these statements:

a. "The relative decline of the American Labor movement can be explained by the shift from good-producing to service-providing industries and by the closely related shifts from blue- to white-collar occupations and from male to female employees."

b. "The success of unions in raising their wages relative to nonunion workers has contributed to the decline of unionism."

c. " Unionized firms have tended to become less profitable and, therefore, employers are more resistant to unionization."

Ā 

2. Comment on each of the following statements:

a. "Unions tie the hands of management and inhibit efficient decision making."

b. "Unions contribute to economic efficiency in that union wage pressure hastens the weeding out of the high-cost, least efficient producers in each industry."

c. "Although unions may reduce wage inequality, to the extent that they reduce wage differentials based on individual merit and effort, the outcome may be rightly perceived as both inequitable and inefficient."

d. "Unions impair the efficiency of our economy indirectly by diminishing profits and thereby reducing investment and economic expansion."

Ā 

3. Speculate about the reason(s) for each of the following facts about public sector pay:

a. The pay premium received by federal employees declined in the middle and late 1980s.

b. Local governments tend to pay less skilled workers more, and more skilled workers less, than comparably trained and experienced private-sector workers.

c. Female and African-American workers in government receive higher pay on average than their equally qualified counterparts in the private sector.

Ā 

4. Evaluate this statement: "Profit-maximizing firms lack an incentive to provide job safety, and consequently, the federal government must intervene legislatively to protect workers against the unsafe working conditions that will surely result."

Could you give the solutions to me? I really appreciate your help. Thank you!!

1. The introduction of a union into a monopsony labor market will cause employment in this market to

A. Rise

B. Fall

C. Remain constant

D. Change in a manner than cannot be determined without additional info.

2. Unions may attempt to increase the demand for union workers by

A. Advocating boycotts of nonunion products

B. Lobbying for trade restrictions

C. Lobbying for laws that restriuct the availability of substitute labor inputs

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

3. As a result of the scale effect associated with a higher wage, the quantity of labor demanded is expected to

A. Fall

B. Rise

C. Remain unchanged

D. Change in an unpredictable manner

4. If a union successfully urges consumers to boycott products produced by nonunion workers, the own-wage elasticity of demand for union labor is reduced

A. Under no circumstances

B. Because the scale effect resulting from a change in the wage will be smaller in magnitude since the boycott lowers the price elasticity of demand for output

C. Because the substitution effect in the labor market resulting from a change in the wage will be smaller in magnitude since the boycott lowers the price elasticity of demand for output

D. Because labor demand falls in response to the boycott

5. union sponsored boycotts of products produced by nonunion workers will affect the elasticity of demand for union workers by affecting the

A. Substitution effect in the labor market

B. Scale effect in the labor market

C. None of the above

6. In a local labor market

A. There are many employers and employees in most local areas

B. Foreign citizens are not allowed to apply for jobs

C. Most employer and employee search is conducted at the national level

D. There are few potential employers and employees in most local areas

7. Economic theory predicts that the cost of general training will be

A. Borne by workers

B. Borne by firms

C. Shared between workers and firms

D. None of the above

8. During a recession, firms are most likely to layoff workers who possess

A. only firm-specific training

B. only general training

9. Productivity is likely to decline by more during a recession for those labor markets in which workers possess a high level of

A. General training

B. Firm-specific training

C. Either general or firm-specific training

D. None of the above

10. Suppose that some previously discouraged workers start looking for work because they become more optimistic about their prospects. The immediate effect of this is expected to be

A. An increase in the unemployment rate

B. A decrease in the unemployment rate

C. An unchanged unemployment rate

D. A reduction in the labor force participation rate

11. The introduction of government-mandated health insurance for all employees would result in a substitution effect that

A. Raises employment and increases the length of the workweek

B. Lowers employment and reduces the length of the workweek

C. Reduces employment and raises the length of the workweek

D. Increases employment and reduced the length of the workweek

12. As the wage rate increases, the quantity of labor demanded will decrease

A. Under no circumstances

B. Only if the substitution effect exceeds the scale effect

C. Only if the scale effect exceeds the substitution effect

D. As a result of both the substitution and scale effects

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