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Best Option: An ethically mature option is one where your reason for acting is consistent with your duties. In addition, the option should treat the other stakeholders, such as Alice, with care and respect.

Good Option: A good ethical option is one where you meet your responsibilities to the stakeholders, such as your employer, with thoughtfulness.

Poor Option: A poor ethical option is one where you think only of yourself.

I've made a list of what I think are the possible choices in this situation. Considering your duties to the stakeholders, choose the option that you think is the most ethical using the principles and values of the Rights/Responsibilities Lens.

Which option best fulfills your duties?

Option 1

In order to be a good leader and mentor your colleague, actively engage the junior writer in the writing of the article, list her as a co-author, and attribute the ghostwriter in the acknowledgments.

Option 2

List the junior writer as a co-author and attribute the ghostwriter in the acknowledgments in order to demonstrate your respect for their work.

Option 3

List the junior writer and the ghostwriter as co-authors for the article so that you can responsibly meet your obligations to your colleagues.

Option 4

Do not attribute either the junior colleague or the ghostwriter so you can get a good performance evaluation.

Option 5

Give the junior writer and ghostwriter credit for their work in the acknowledgments so you meet the requirements of attribution required by professional journals.

Option 6

Give Alice, your junior colleague, a letter of commendation in her personnel file so you can at least show a bit of generosity to her for her work. Do not credit her or the ghostwriter.

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Joshua Stredder
Joshua StredderLv10
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Best Option: An ethically mature option is one where you creatively seek thoughtful solutions, consider others, and are consistent with a good character for someone in your role.

Good Option: A good ethical option is one where you evaluate the choices and live into the expectations others have for someone in your role.

Poor Option: A poor ethical option is one where you think only of yourself, become overwhelmed, and don't live into your ethical obligations.

Which 3 best options allow you to meet the requirements of your role?

Option 1:

To protect the oil companies' trade secrets, require drillers to disclose all the chemicals used in their hydraulic fracturing, but not their concentrations.

Option 2:

To promote a balance of power, require drillers to disclose all the chemicals used in their hydraulic fracturing, and their concentrations, without indicating into which products the chemicals go.

Option 3:

To demonstrate impartiality, require drillers to disclose all the chemicals used in their hydraulic fracturing, including their concentrations and use, to an independent group of experts under a non-disclosure agreement.

Option 4:

Require drillers to disclose all the chemicals used in their hydraulic fracturing, including their concentrations and use. To preserve your ability to work with drilling companies, allow limited protection of proprietary chemicals if the company claims the chemical as a trade secret, and discloses its chemical family.

Option 5:

To set the drilling companies straight, require drillers to disclose the exact breakdown of all compounds used in their hydraulic fracturing, including the concentrations.

Option 6:

Because the drillers are entitled to protecting their investments, do not require them to disclose any chemicals they claim as trade secrets. Focus standards solely on containment, proper disposal, and well construction to prevent chemicals from leaving the targeted areas.

Below is our list of primary stakeholders. For each stakeholder, choose the two criteria that support ethically mature action.

What are each stakeholder's criteria for ethically mature action?

The Shareholders, who want to maximize their profit, are happy in this situation if...

a) Leadership makes sure that the ethical standards for research and publication are high.
b) Leadership takes action that only results in positive media coverage for the company.
c) G-BioSport's researchers deliver leading edge science and good results.

You, as you have to make and implement the decision, are happy in this situation if...

a) You can enhance your standing in the community as an excellent scientist.
b) You give your coauthors proper recognition so you aren't guilty of plagiarism.
c) You submit the article on time.

Saul Morrow, the ghostwriter, will be happy in this situation if...

a) He receives compensation for his work.
b) The article is well-received due to the quality of its research.
c) The working relationship is smooth and he is able to secure further writing assignments from the company.

Alice Greene, the junior researcher whose outline and concepts could form the basis of the article, is happy in this situation if...

a) Her work is appropriately recognized in the final product.
b) She is given opportunities to grow professionally and get promoted.
c) You use her work in future journal submissions.

The editors of the journal, who are responsible for the integrity and the reliability of information in the journal, will be happy in this situation if...

a) The article, which represents leading-edge science, is engaging and well written.
b) The editorial guidelines for proper attribution of authorship are met.
c) Responsibility for authorship is carefully negotiated among the various authors of the article.

John McIntyre, your supervisor, will be happy in this situation if...

a) His staff is productive and works well together.
b) Projects are completed without his intervention.
c) He has skilled scientists who will assure that they meet external deadlines with integrity.

PROVIDE A RESPONSE OR STATEMENT TO THIS STUDENTS DISCUSSION:

1 - Please share your experience on selecting a managed care plan. Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your MCO plan.

Up until about ten years ago my company offered an HMO MCO plan option managed by Kaiser Permanente. This plan was less expensive in my paycheck deduction and offered $10 co-pays for every office visit and 100% hospitalization. In 1992 as a single young man in my twenties I found this option very attractive. I ended up getting married early that year, had a flu episode and a bout of food poisoning. My wife ended up with a hospitalization as well. What looked good on paper ended up being a very restricted healthcare experience. My office visits were restricted to only one clinic where the health care professional point of contact were physicians assistants under the supervision of an MD which we never saw. All of the prescriptions were for generic medicines and when my wife was hospitalized she was not allowed branded medicines either. We also thought she was discharged too early. The advantages of this type of plan are costs and simplicity. If we had not been sick that year we probably would have signed back up for it. The disadvantages were that our level of care was reduced to a less skilled health care professional and the attending physician who cared for my wife in the hospital discharged my wife early due to a time limit the HMO had placed on the length of stay for her illness code. That was the first and last year I chose an MCO plan for my health coverage.

2 - Many argue that there is no consistent, direct correlation between the cost of care and its quality in a managed care program. Do you agree or disagree?

In my personal experience managed care plans attempt to lower the primary care contact to non MD health care professionals such as Nurse Practioners and Physicians Assistants. While these clinicians are well trained and certainly have their appropriate place in medicine, they do not have the extensive medical training that MDs and DOs spend a minimum of 8 years mastering. These clinicians cost less than MDs and are very attractive way to reduce staffing costs. As a patient however I prefer the highest skilled level clinician caring for me and my family and am willing to pay more for this higher level of care. In my opinion Kaiser Permanente may have saved money but I was not happy with the level of care and medicines provided. They may have saved money that year but they lost me as a customer. Epstein et al, (2014) compared Accountable Care Organization (ACO) patients with non ACO patients and while they found that there were many differences in spending, age, and severity of illness, there was no difference in quality metrics despite non ACO members costing more overall. It would seem that in this example costs can be lowered without affecting quality outcomes. However ACO participants had access to significantly more participating clinicians and hospitals. What is missing from this study is a patient survey comparing the satisfaction of ACO and non-ACO patients.

3 - Do you think patients' choice of provider and access to care will be limited under ACOs?

In my personal experience and through observations of managed care offices and hospitals as a pharmaceutical representative, ACOs not only restrict the choice of provider and access to hospitals they utilize lesser trained medical professionals in Primary Care, Specialty and Hospitals in addition to restricting access to branded medications. This observation is in agreement with Epstein et al, (2014) in which ACO members cost less but had less access and choice of participating access points and clinicians.

4 - In what ways can an ACO succeed in both delivering high-quality care and spending health care dollars more wisely?

ACOs can be very useful in curbing costs. For those with limited health care budgets or those patients who receive public assistance an ACO model whether public or private. However Lewis et al, (2014) found that even though there was an almost even split between ACOs contracting for private and public contracts in the U.S.A., public contracts were less profitable than private ones due to public patients costing more to manage per capita than private ones. Quality was not examined. It would seem that an ACO would be ideal when faced with limited resources but ACOs may be reluctant to engage in contracts that are less profitable.

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