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byzantiumhippopotamus460Lv1

28 Sep 2019

I am confused about the federal funds rate. Does lowering the federal funds rate result in QE? It seems like, lowered federal funds rate -> opportunity cost for holding excess reserves by banks decrease -> banks hold more excess reserves -> money multiplier decrease -> money supply decreases and the decrease in the money supply is not QE. Can anyone please help me with what is wrong with this logic? Thanks.

Someone just answered opportunity cost for holding excess reserves by banks decrease -> banks hold less excess reserves.

But why? Why does a decrease in opportunity cost lead to less holding excess reserves? That answer didn't make sense to me.

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Joshua StredderLv10

28 Sep 2019

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QUESTION 46

When the Fed buys a U.S. bond in the open market

		its action has no effect on the total reserves or the money supply because the check it writes increases reserves at one bank but they fall at another.
		its action expands total reserves and the money supply.
		its action contracts total reserves and the money supply.
		total reserves increase by the amount of the purchase but the money supply stays the same.

1.11 points

QUESTION 47

When the Fed sells government securities,

		reserves increase, leading to a decrease in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves decrease, leading to a decrease in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves increase, leading to a increase in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves decrease, leading to a increase in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.

1.11 points

QUESTION 48

The maximum potential money multiplier is equal to

		the reserve ratio.
		one minus the reserve ratio
		the inverse of the required reserve ratio.
		the number of dollars on reserve.

1.11 points

QUESTION 49

The potential money multiplier gives us

		the growth in the money supply when income increases.
		the growth in real national income when the money supply increases.
		the maximum potential change in the money supply due to a change in income.
		the maximum potential change in the money supply due to a change in reserves.

1.11 points

QUESTION 50

An increase in the reserve ratio

		increases the money multiplier.
		will cause banks to make more loans.
		has an expansionary effect on the money supply.
		has a contractionary effect on the money supply.

1.11 points

QUESTION 51

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures

		banks against lawsuits.
		the deposits held in member banks.
		the deposits held in the Fed.
		the federal funds market.

1.11 points

QUESTION 52

Bank runs are a possibility because

		in difficult times people want currency instead of demand deposits.
		the FDIC is inefficient.
		banks do not keep enough reserves to cover all their depository liabilities.
		bankers are often poor businesspeople.

1.11 points

QUESTION 53

The manner in which FDIC deposit insurance is set up in the United States encourages banks to

		make riskier loans than they otherwise would.
		reject some loans that probably would be profitable.
		maintain excess reserves that are too great.
		be too conservative in their lending practices.

1.11 points

QUESTION 54

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

		discourages banks from engaging in excessive risk taking.
		was established after the Panic of 1907.
		only insures deposits in money-center banks.
		increases the stability of the banking system by reducing the likelihood of bank runs.

1.11 points

QUESTION 55

What are the two features of money that distinguish it from all other goods in the economy?

		Money is government issued and it is redeemable for gold or silver.
		Money is part of every barter transaction and it is divisible.
		Money is accepted as a medium of exchange and it is the common unit of account used to express prices.
		Money is a common unit of account and it is also can be traded for other currencies at a guaranteed exchange rate.

1.11 points

QUESTION 56

Holding money to meet unplanned expenditures and emergencies is known as

		asset demand.
		precautionary demand.
		aggregate demand.
		transactions demand.

1.11 points

QUESTION 57

When people want to hold money to make regular planned expenditures, this is

		the transaction demand for money.
		the spending demand for money.
		the asset demand for money.
		the precautionary demand for money.

1.11 points

QUESTION 58

When interest rates rise, the transactions demand for money usually

		decreases.
		increases.
		decreases initially and then increases to the original position.
		does not change.

1.11 points

QUESTION 59

As nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rises, the transactions demand for money

		increases, and the money demand curve shifts to the right.
		remains constant, and the money demand curve remains the same.
		decreases, and the money demand curve shifts to the left.
		increases, and the money demand curve shifts to the left.

1.11 points

QUESTION 60

One of the economic costs of holding currency is that

		it fulfills no precautionary role.
		it fulfills no transactions role.
		it earns no interest income.
		its real value always increases.

blacktrout920

1. Which of the following both increase the money supply?

an increase in the discount rate and an increase in the interest rate on reserves
an increase in the discount rate and a decrease in the interest rate on reserves
a decrease in the discount rate and an increase in the interest rate on reserves
a decrease in the discount rate and a decrease in the interest rate on reserves

2. In the U.S., the average adult holds about $3,700 in

currency.
wealth.
M1.
M2.

3. The measure of the money stock called M1 includes

wealth held by people in their checking accounts.
wealth held by people in their savings accounts.
wealth held by people in money market mutual funds.
everything that is included in M2 plus some additional items

4. When the Fed decreases the discount rate, banks will

5. Reserve requirements are regulations concerning

the amount banks are allowed to borrow from the Fed.
the amount of reserves banks must hold against deposits.
reserves banks must hold based on the number and type of loans they make.
the interest rate at which banks can borrow from the Fed.

6. When we say that trade is roundabout we mean that

people sometimes trade goods for goods.
trades require a double coincidence of wants.
currency is accepted primarily to make further trades.
people must spend time searching for the products they wish to purchase.

7. Values of Assets

Asset	Amount in $Billions
Small-time deposits	780
Large time deposits	1,700
Demand deposits	450
Other checkable deposits	370
Savings deposits	4950
Traveller's checks	5
Money market mutual funds	740
Currency	880
Miscellaneous categories of M2	50

Refer to Value of Assets. What is the value of M1 in billions of dollars?

1705
2485
6295
7075

8. In 1991, the Federal Reserve lowered the reserve requirement from 12 per cent to 10 per cent. Other things the same this should have

increased both the money multiplier and the money supply.
decreased both the money multiplier and the money supply.
increased the money multiplier and decreased the money supply.
decreased the money multiplier and increased the money supply.

9. Consider four survivors on an island.

Rupert	has machete	wants fishing spear
Amber	has cooking pot	wants fishing spear
Rob	has fishing spear	wants machete
Tom	has cooking pot	wants machete

Which of the following pairs of survivors has a double-coincidence of wants?

Rupert with Amber, and Rob with Tom
Amber with Tom
Rupert with Rob
None of the above is correct.

10. Economists use the term money to refer to

all wealth.
all assets, including real assets and financial assets.
all financial assets, but not real assets.
those types of wealth that are regularly accepted by sellers in exchange for goods and services.

crimsongrasshopper834

1.Economists use the term money to refer to

A.all wealth.

B.all assets, including real assets and financial assets.

C.all financial assets, but not real assets.

D.those types of wealth that are regularly accepted by sellers in exchange for goods and services.

2.Which of the following is a function of money?

A.a unit of account

B.a store of value

C.medium of exchange

D.. All of the above are correct.

3.You pay for cheese and bread from the deli with currency. Which function of money does this best illustrate?

A.medium of exchange

B.unit of account

C.store of value

D.liquidity

4.Any item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future is called

A.a medium of exchange.

B.a unit of account.

C.a store of value.

D.None of the above is correct.

5.Liquidity refers to

A.the ease with which an asset is converted to the medium of exchange.

B.the measurement of the intrinsic value of commodity money.

C.the measurement of the durability of a good.

D.how many time a dollar circulates in a given year.

6.Which list ranks assets from most to least liquid?

A.money, bonds, cars, houses

B.money, cars, houses, bonds

C.bonds, money, cars, houses

D.bonds, cars, money, houses

7.When we measure and record economic value, we use money as the

A.liquid asset.

B.medium of exchange.

C.unit of account.

D.store of value.

8.Commodity money is

A.backed by gold.

B.the principal type of money in use today.

C.money with intrinsic value.

D.receipts created in international trade that is used as a medium of exchange.

9.Fiat money

A.has no intrinsic value.

B.is backed by gold.

C.is a medium of exchange but not a unit of account.

D.is any close substitute for currency such as checkable deposits.

10.M1 includes

A.currency.

B.demand deposits.

C.traveler's checks.

D.All of the above are correct.

11.Which of the following items is included in M2?

A.credit cards

B.money market mutual funds

C.corporate bonds

D.large time deposits

12.Which of the following does the Federal Reserve not do?

A.conduct monetary policy

B.act as a lender of last resort

C.convert Federal Reserve Notes into gold

D.serve as a bank regulator

13.The Fed has the power to increase or decrease the number of dollars in the economy through the decisions of

A.the Board of Governors.

B.the FOMC.

C.the regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents.

D. the U.S. Treasury.

14.When conducting an open-market sale, the Fed

A.buys government bonds, and in so doing increases the money supply.

B.buys government bonds, and in so doing decreases the money supply.

C.sells government bonds, and in so doing increases the money supply.

D.sells government bonds, and in so doing decreases the money supply.

15.An open-market purchase

A.increases the number of dollars and the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

B.increases the number of dollars in the hands of the public and decreases the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

C.decreases the number of dollars and the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

D.decreases the number of dollars in the hands of the public and increases the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

16. If a bank has a reserve ratio of 8 per cent, then

A.government regulation requires the bank to use at least 8 per cent of its deposits to make loans.

B.the bank's ratio of loans to deposits is 8 per cent.

C.the bank keeps 8 per cent of its deposits as reserves and loans out the rest.

D.the bank keeps 8 per cent of its assets as reserves and loans out the rest.

17.If a bank uses $100 of excess reserves to make a new loan when the reserve ratio is 20 per cent, this action by itself initially makes the money supply

A.and wealth increase by $100.

B.and wealth decreased by $100.

C.increase by $100 while wealth does not change.

D.decrease by $100 while wealth decreases by $100.

18.The money multiplier equals

A.1/R, where R represents the number of reserves in the economy.

B.1/R, where R represents the reserve ratio for all banks in the economy.

C.1/(1+R), where R represents the number of reserves in the economy.

D.1/(1+R), where R represents the reserve ratio for all banks in the economy.

19.If the reserve ratio is 10 per cent, the money multiplier is

A.100.

B.10.

C.9/10.

D.1/10.

20.As the reserve ratio increases, the money multiplier

A.increases.

B.does not change.

C.decreases.

D.could do any of the above.

21.If the reserve ratio is 5 per cent, then $1,000 of additional reserves can create up to

A.$200 of new money.

B.$2,000 of new money.

C.$20,000 of new money.

D.None of the above is correct.

22.When the Fed makes open-market purchases, bank

A.withdrawals and lending increase.

B.withdrawals increase and lending decreases.

C.deposits and lending increase.

D.deposits increase and lending decreases.

23.The discount rate is the interest rate that

A.banks charge one another for loans.

B.banks charge the Fed for loans.

C.the Fed charges banks for loans.

D.the Fed charges Congress for loans.

24.If the discount rate is lowered, banks borrow

A.less from the Fed so reserves increase.

B.less from the Fed so reserves decrease.

C.more from the Fed so reserves increase.

D.more from the Fed so reserves decrease.

25.The Fed can increase the money supply by conducting open-market

A.sales or by raising the discount rate.

B.sales or by lowering the discount rate.

C.purchases or by raising the discount rate.

D.purchases or by lowering the discount rate.

26.The Fed can directly protect a bank during a bank run by

A.increasing reserve requirements.

B.selling government bonds to the bank.

C.lending reserves to the bank.

D.doing any of the above.

27.The federal funds rate is the interest rate

A.the Federal Reserves charges for loans it makes to the federal government.

B.the Federal Reserve charges banks for short-term loans.

C.banks charge each other for short-term loans of reserves.

D.on newly issued one-year Treasury bonds.

28.If the federal funds rate were below the level the Federal Reserve had targeted, the Fed could move the rate back towards its target by

A.buying bonds. This buying would increase the money supply.

B.buying bonds. This buying would reduce the money supply.

C.selling bonds. This selling would increase the money supply.

D.selling bonds. This selling would reduce the money supply.

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