(a) Which of the following ionic species could be responsible for hardness in a water supply: Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Na+? (b) What properties of an ion determine whether it will contribute to water hardness?
(a) Which of the following ionic species could be responsible for hardness in a water supply: Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Na+? (b) What properties of an ion determine whether it will contribute to water hardness?
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Related questions
Given the following water: mg/l
Calcium âCa2+ | 102 | Magnesim Mg2 | 45.2 |
Sodium âSo42- | 21.8 | Manganese | 0.64 |
Alkalinity | 344 as Caco3 | pH | units |
a)What is the Co2 concentration in mg/l?
b)Please provide a bar chart and determine the total hardness, carbonate hardness, and noncarbonated hardness of raw water?
c)Dtermine the lime and soda ash dose in mg/l as CaCo3, to soften the above water to a final hardness of 95.0 mg/l as CaCo3?
d)If the price of lime is purchased as CaO (87% pure) is $100 per Mega-gram (Mg), and the price of soda ash, purchased as Na2Co3 (97% pure) is $200 per Mg. What is the annual chemical cost of treating 0.15 m3/s of this water?