HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Meiosis, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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dnpu1999

17 May 2023

School

UCF

Department

Health Science

Course

HSC 4555

Professor

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Document Summary

_involves crossing unknown genotype (shows dominant phenotype) with recessive homozygous phenotype. _two possible genotypes for unknown give different phenotypic ratios in f1. _if unknown homozygous dominant-all offspring have dominant phenotype. _if unknown is heterozygous ( carrier) - 1/2 offspring dominant, 1/2 offspring recessive. _mendel"s laws govern behavior of individual chromosome pairs and of multiple chromosome pairs during meiosis. _this translates into which genes ( alleles) for which traits end up in which gametes. _recall from meiosis that the pairs separate during meiosis. _the alleles for a trait separate (segregate) during meiosis 1. That occurs because the members of the homologous pair are pulled to opposite poles. The alleles for the trait are on each of the chromosomes of a pair being pulled to a pole. _thus at the end of telophase 1 and cytokinesis, when the homologs are in different cells: the cells are haploid and each contain only 1 of the 2 alleles from the original cell.

Related Questions

Science assignment

Use the chart to complete this assignment

In this section, please include the if/then statements you developed during your lab activity. These statements reflect your predicted outcomes for the experiment.

Test One: If I breed a short fur, FF female with a short fur, Ff male, then I will expect to see

(CHOOSE ONE: all short fur; some short and some long fur; all long fur) offspring.

Test Two: If I breed a short fur, Ff female with a short fur, Ff male, then I will expect to see

(CHOOSE ONE: all short fur; some short and some long fur; all long fur) offspring.

Test Three: If I breed a long fur, ff female with a long fur, ff male, then I will expect to see

(CHOOSE ONE: all short fur; some short and some long fur; all long fur) offspring.

Procedure:

The procedures are listed in your virtual lab. You do not need to repeat them here. Please be sure to identify the test variable (independent variable) and the outcome variable (dependent variable) for this investigation.

Remember, the test variable is what is changing in this investigation. The outcome variable is what you are measuring in this investigation.

Test variable (independent variable): ( 2 points).

Outcome variable (dependent variable): (2 points)

Conclusion: (16 points)

Your conclusion will include a summary of the lab results and an interpretation of the results. Please write in complete sentences.

1. Which genotype(s) and phenotype for fur length are dominant?

Genotype:

Phenotype:

2. Which genotype(s) and phenotype for fur length are recessive?

Genotype:

Phenotype:

3. If you have a hamster with short fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?

4. If you have a hamster with long fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?

5. Did your data support your hypotheses? Use evidence to support your answer for each test. (State yes or no. State your hypothesis and the outcome to justify your answer.)

Test One:

Test Two:

Test Three:

6. Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.

Chinchillalover

***Please see the attached file for the complete details***

Punnett squares

3. Blood type is controlled by 3 genes A, B, ard O, as shown in the chart. With blood type, capitals are always used. A & B are both dominant over O.

A female with blood type A (genotype BO) marries a male with blood type B (genotype BO). All in the Punnett square to show this cross.

Questions:

List all the possible blood types (phenotypes) that their children could have.

What are the chances of their children having blood type A?

What are the chances of their children having blood type B?

Whet are the chances of their children having blood type AB?

What are the chances of their children having blood type O?

4. Fillin the Punnett square for the following questions.

a. If two people with blood type O were to marry, what would be the chances of their having children with blood type A?

b. What would be the chances of these parents-to-be hasang criatren math blood type of

5. In guinea pigs, the fur color is black for cominant (B) and white is recessive (b). If a hybrid male (Bb) is crossed with a hybrid female.

a. what is the probability that an offspring would be black?

b. white?

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What are prions?

In cell, there are subcellular organelles. They are not full organism. Prions are just proteins. They don't have any other macromolecules. Prions have capacity to form copies through replication. They replicate through free radical and chain mechanism.

Doctor Stainly pruisne work on prions and show it's relation with disease called mad cow disease. ( This is neurodegenerative disease and responsible for harmful effects on brain).

In Australia sheep was infected with prions, caused scarpie disease in sheep. Organs of sloghed sheep were used in cow feedd. When cow consume feed, prions were transmitted to cow and cow start to show unusual behavior.

Symptoms of prions infection are like that of some disease

Kurulyprosy
Insomnia
Dimensia

Detection of prions: Prions can be detected by Western bloting.

Normal prions:

Normal prions are present in our body. They don't have tendency to form rigid aggregate. They are quite less in number. They have following functions

Cellular differentiation
Store elemental surplus that is used in future
Memory enhancement

Molecular basis of prions:There is some difference in structure of Normal and abnormal prions.

Normal prions have molecular weight 33-35KD while abnormal prions have molecular weight 27-30KD
In normal prions at position 178 amino acid aspartate is present while in abnormal prions at 178 position asparagine is present.

Prions diagnosis and analysis:

Brain biopsy....in past for taking sample brain biopsy was used but now a days tonsils biopsy is used for sampling.

Immuno fluorescence:Biopsy sample is taken on slide and it is treated with antibody ( of abnormal prions) which is against normal prions. Speciality of antibody is that when it bind with abnormal prion it will glow. If we capture fluroscene it's mean abnormal prion is present in sample. As abnormal prion antibody was label with fluroscene probe. So patient sample will show fluroscene while normal sample will not show fluroscene.

Transmission of prions: Normally prions can't Cross specie barrier they transmitted through different ways. Like as formite

If a person is effected with prions and he has wound in head and his comb is used by another person so prions can be transferred to other individual. Comb is Carrier of prion.

Prions are very slow acting immune system can't destroy them.

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HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Meiosis, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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