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Lecture : Bio Notes 245 - Guanine

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30 Mar 2023

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Guanine is a nitrogenous base that is one of the four building blocks of dna and rna. It is a purine, meaning that it has a double-ring structure composed of a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. The chemical formula of guanine is c5h5n5o, and its molecular weight is 151. 13 g/mol. In dna, guanine base pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds, and in rna, it base pairs with cytosine through two hydrogen bonds. These base pairs form the rungs of the dna double helix, which is the primary structure of the molecule. The sequence of bases along the dna strand encodes genetic information that determines the characteristics of an organism. Guanine is synthesized in cells through a multistep process that involves the conversion of inosine monophosphate (imp) to xanthosine monophosphate (xmp), followed by the addition of an amine group and the oxidation of the molecule.

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Related Questions

please help thank you :)

6) Guanosine consists of

a) A guanine base + a ribose sugar

b) A guanine base + a deoxyribose sugar

c) A guanine base + a ribose sugar + a phosphate group

d) A guanine base + a deoxyribose sugar + a phosphate group

e) A guanine base + a cytosine base

7) A deletion mutation in a viral DNA resulted in loss of 20 nm length of DNA. How many helical turns are missing?

a) 6 b) 20 c) 34 d) 60 e) 200

Question # 8 & 9.
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme, which can utilize mRNA as a template and synthesize complementary DNA strand. If mRNA sequence is 5âAUGGUAUGCUCU 3â

8) What will be the sequence of complementary DNA strand?

a) 3â AGAGCATACCAT 5â

b) 3â ATGGTATGCTCT 5â

c) 3â TCTCGTATGGTA 5â

d) 3â TACCATACGAGA 5â

e) None of the above

9) How many codons are present in this mRNA?

a) 2

b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 e) 12

10) In gel electrophoresis, the migration of DNA molecules is unaffected by

a) Size of DNA

b) Shape of DNA

c) Strength of electric field

d) Strength of gel

e) None of the above

11) In biological macromolecules, the following two non-polar groups most commonly participates in the formation of hydrophobic interactions

a) N-H and O-H

b) N-H and C-H

c) C-H and C-C

d) C-H and O-H

e) C-C and O-P

The term replication refers to DNA's abilityto

a. attack bacteriaphages

b. make copies of itself

c. respond to X-ray photography

d. twist into a helix

Meselson and Stahl performed thedensity-gradient centrifugation of DNA in a solution of calciumchloride.

a. found in bacteria but not viruses.

b. found in proteins but not nucleic acids.

c. found in nucleic acid but notproteins.

d. found in viruses but not bacteria.

e. needed for bacteriophages to attach tobacteria.

Chargaff's rule state that in DNA, the amount ofadenine equals

a. the amount of cytosine

b. the amount guanine

c. the amount of thymine

d. the amount of guanine and thymine

Each complete turn of the DNA helix is howlong?

Griffin did an experiment in which live Rbacteria was changed by dead S bacteria. Such a change is anexample of

a. translocation

b. transformation

c. transduction

d. fertilization

One of Chargaff's rules state

a. A + T = G + C

b. A + G = T + C

c. A = G, T = C

d. A = C, T = G

The diameter of the DNA ladder is always

Which of the following is a purine base?

b. malomine

d. All of the above

According to the base pairing rules, guaninebinds with

Which of the following is a pyrimidinebase?

d. None of the answers

Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is constructedof

a. a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and anitrogen base

b. a phosphate group, a six carbon sugar,and a nitrogen base

c. a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and aoxygen base

d. a sulfur group, a five carbon sugar molecule,and a nitrogen base

The term replication refers to DNA's abilityto

a. attack bacteriaphages

b. make copies of itself

c. respond to X-ray photography

d. twist into a helix

Meselson and Stahl performed thedensity-gradient centrifugation of DNA in a solution of calciumchloride.

a. found in bacteria but not viruses.

b. found in proteins but not nucleic acids.

c. found in nucleic acid but notproteins.

d. found in viruses but not bacteria.

e. needed for bacteriophages to attach tobacteria.

Chargaff's rule state that in DNA, the amount ofadenine equals

a. the amount of cytosine

b. the amount guanine

c. the amount of thymine

d. the amount of guanine and thymine

Each complete turn of the DNA helix is howlong?

Griffin did an experiment in which live Rbacteria was changed by dead S bacteria. Such a change is anexample of

a. translocation

b. transformation

c. transduction

d. fertilization

One of Chargaff's rules state

a. A + T = G + C

b. A + G = T + C

c. A = G, T = C

d. A = C, T = G

The diameter of the DNA ladder is always

Which of the following is a purine base?

b. malomine

d. All of the above

According to the base pairing rules, guaninebinds with

Which of the following is a pyrimidinebase?

d. None of the answers

Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is constructedof

a. a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and anitrogen base

b. a phosphate group, a six carbon sugar,and a nitrogen base

c. a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and aoxygen base

d. a sulfur group, a five carbon sugar molecule,and a nitrogen base