NURS 6501 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Salbutamol, Nebulizer, Degranulation

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edwinshikuku33

23 Jan 2023

School

Walden University

Department

Nursing

Course

NURS 6501

Professor

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Document Summary

According to huether& mccance (2017), asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition described by obstruction of irreversible airflows and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Asthma exists throughout all ages and is growing in prevalence. In the united states, there are approximately 6. 8 million children with asthma and about 18. 7 million adults with asthma. Pathophysiology of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Asthma is defined by a process that involves inflammation of the airway, bronchospasm, and increased efficiency of mucous. In hypersensitive individuals, when the patient is subjected to an antigen, an acute asthma exacerbation begins, which then activates an innate and adaptive immune response. Exposure to the antigen causes the mast cells to degranulate, which then activates inflammatory agents including histamine, bradykinine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and interleukins. This reaction leads to airway restriction and airflow restriction due to mucosal edema, enhanced mucous development, and bronchospasm (huether & mccance, 2017).

Related Questions

#20 While it is acceptable to report codes for uncertain diagnoses when a definitive diagnosis has not been established for inpatient hospitalizations, it is never appropriate to report a code for uncertain diagnoses for physician office and outpatient claims. Which is an example of an uncertain diagnosis?

a. acute and chronic bronchitis

b. suspicious for urinary tract infection

c. resolving myocardial infarction

d. acute asthma, ruled in

StewartRenee

1. The nurse working in a long-term care facility incorporates a focused assessment of
the immune system for all newly admitted patients over the age of 65. Older adults

are more likely to develop problems related to immune function than are middle-
aged people. The focused immune assessment includes a systemic approach based

on age-related changes in immunologic function. (Learning Objective 4)
a. What changes in the immune system in the older adult increase the incidence of
infection and cancer in this population?
b. Explain why older adults may have decreased inflammatory responses.
c. Why are older adults at increased risk of gastroenteritis and diarrhea secondary
to proliferation of intestinal organisms?

2. The nurse educator for an oncology unit is preparing an in-service presentation for
new nurses about the care of patients with immunodeficiencies. Patients with cancer
who are receiving chemotherapy, as well as those with bone marrow transplants, are
immunocompromised and require special attention to assess for signs of infection.
The nurse educator focuses on special care needs of this patient population.
a. What is the rationale for assessing the pulse and respiratory rates for 1 full
minute in a patient with immunodeficiency?
b. What special precautions about dietary restrictions and food preparation should
be included in the teaching for a patient with immunodeficiency?
c. What nursing actions should be implemented to decrease the risk of infection in
the patient with immunodeficiency?
3. Molly Baker, a 22-year-old patient, presents to the clinic with the diagnosis of
allergic rhinitis. She states that she develops paroxysmal sneezing, clear nasal
drainage and congestion, watery, red eyes, and nasal itching from the late spring
until the first frost in the fall. She states that she has a dry cough and voice
hoarseness. She complains of feeling extremely tired, unable to sleep at night, and
having difficulty concentrating on her collegiate course work.
a. What further assessment should the nurse provide?

Ellie Long, a 55-year-old patient, presents to the pain clinic with the diagnosis of
fibromyalgia syndrome. The nurse at the clinic obtains a history and physical
assessment of the patient. (Learning Objective 2)
a. On what areas should the nurse concentrate when interviewing the patient
during the history process?
b. On what areas should the nurse concentrate when assessing the patient?
c. What diagnostic tests are used with fibromyalgia syndrome?

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NURS 6501 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Salbutamol, Nebulizer, Degranulation

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