BIOL 1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Exergonic Reaction, Kinetic Energy, Endergonic Reaction

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Work= is a force acting on an object that causes the object to move. Potential energy= stored energy available to do work. Laws of thermodynamics: first law- law of energy conservation. Energy cannot be created or destroyed: other converted to other forms, second law- entropy. All energy transformations are inefficient: diff concentration of things will try to. Exergonic reaction fuels and endergonic reaction equalize. Chemical reactions: metabolism- sum of all reactions in cells, endergonic reactions. Kinetic to potential energy: exergonic reaction. Potential to kinetic energy: coupled reaction. At body temperatures, many spontaneous reactions proceed too slowly to sustain life: enzymes (protiens0. "energy of activation: amount of energy required to start a reaction, active site. Region where reactant (or substrate) binds: specific fit. Too hot, too high or low ph, too low or high salt concentration can alter shape and function.

Related Questions

Metabolic processes of energy transformation can be exergonic or endergonic. In order for the cell to perform endergonic reactions, they must be coupled to exergonic reactions. Explain why.

Question 1

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

	A.	glucose cannot enter the cell.
	B.	the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
	C.	plasma membranes must be very thick.

Question 2

Oxygen molecules O₂ crosse a plasma membrane by

	A.	passive transport
	B.	osmosis
	C.	active transport

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.

		A. energy and channel proteins; against (up)
		B. transport proteins that make channels ; down
		C. energy ; down

Question 4

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

		A. move to the side with lower water concentration
	B.	move to the side with higher water concentration
	C.	move to the side with lower solute concentration

Question 5

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

	A.	chemical energy is a particular form of kinetic energy.
	B.	kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy of molecules.
	C.	kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement.

Question 6

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction.

	A.	exergonic; endergonic
	B.	endergonic; exergonic
	C.	spontaneous; exergonic

Question 7

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction

		A. it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
		B. it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
		C. it is used once and discarded.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false?

		A. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
		B. Enzymes are very specific for their substrates.
		C. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction

40. When a protein is synthesized within the cell, this process represents a chemical reaction that is:

		explosive
		exergonic and anabolic
		exergonic and catabolic
		endergonic and anabolic
		endergonic and catabolic

39. Chemical bonds in carbohydrates (i.e., glucose) and fats, have:

		no potential or kinetic energy
		large amount of kinetic energy
		large amount of potential energy
		small amount of potential energy
		small amount of kinetic energy

38. When Na+ moves into the cell following the openning of Na+ channels, _____________________________.

		the ion charge across the membrane in the area that Na+ moves in will change.
		voltage-gated channels will close.
		an action potential will be observed.
		the cell will hyperpolarize.
		same amount of K+ ions will move out of the cell to counteract the Na+ moving into the cell.

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BIOL 1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Exergonic Reaction, Kinetic Energy, Endergonic Reaction

BIOL 1020 Full Course Notes

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