NURS1027 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Acute Kidney Injury, Kidney Stone Disease, Renal Artery
Document Summary
Aki ---> postrenal causes: blockage in urinary tract after the kidney. Can extend to the urethra that prevents urine from draining out of the system: leads to increase pressure in kidney & waster & this decreases kidney function, renal calculi (kidney stones), can be in ureter/bladder/urethra. Enlarged prostate (can squeeze urethra causing backflow), neuro injury (e. g. , stroke bladder doesn"t empty causing backflow). Diagnostics for aki: urine output; acco of urine, us, ct or mri of abdomen/kidneys, kub-old term, x-ray, retrograde pyelogram, renal biopsy, urinalysis, specific gravity, osmolality, urine gfr, cbc, electrolytes, bun. Initiation phase: initial insult, bun and cr increase; decreased u/o. Maintenance/oliguria phase: <400ml u/o per day because glomerulus has decreased function ability to filter blood decrease gfr: fluid volume excess, bun & creatine, sodium balance, potassium excess, hematological disorders, calcium deficit & phosphate excess, neurological disorders. Recovery phase: may experience a diuretic phase; can take weeks to 12 months: prevention of aki.
