PHI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Internet2, Commutative Property

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billyb

29 Apr 2022

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University of Ottawa

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Philosophy

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PHI 1101

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Terms are tuned into concepts that we generate into meanings. Two terms aligned together by a verb. The chair is black, the chair is not black, snow is white, school is starting. Judgement can only be true or false. It is only upon a judgement when we make a proposition that we can say something is true or false. How we observe the world is the idea of true or false. A syllogism can only be valid or invalid. The premises are true then the conclusion must be true. Cannot have a conclusion that is false if your premises are true. Conclusion reflects the premises and the premises are true. Concepts produce propositions, syllogisms and then we can determine if an argument is valid o invlid. Try to be aware of dominant idea that are closer to myths. Our society is built off of morality and hard work, marriage = happiness.

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the torque about point p is proportional to the length r of the position vector r.

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periwinklemouse795

A pair of vertical conducting bars are placed in ahorizontalmagnetic field as shown below. A cross bar is placedbetween themand rolls freely on frictionless bearings. The bar hasmass mand length L and together with the rollers forms acompleteconducting loop. The total electrocal resistance (assumeconstant)of the circuit is modeled at the bottom as a singleresistorR.

1. Primary goal is to determine the velocity of the bar asafunction of time by following these steps:

a) Determine the current in the bar as a function ofthevelocity of the bar as it falls. Show direction of i.

b) Draw a FBD (free body diagram) for the bar andwriteNewton's 2nd law for this body.

c) Combine the results above to obtain a differentialequationfor the velocity.

d) Find the explicit function v(t). Find the expressionforthis velocity.

2. How long does it take for the bar to reach 90% oftheterminal velocity? What is the velocity at this time? Usethesevalues: B=0.15T, R=1.4Ohms, L=80cm, m=5.0g

3. Find the position function y(t). With this function andtheabove results, find the location of the bar and the current inthewire at the moment the bar reaches 90% of its terminalvelocity.Starting height of the bar is y=16m and t=0

Please someone help me solve this problem. I have a test attheend of the month and I really need help with these concepts.Thankyou! You will be a lifesaver!!!

3. 3 Stratosphere-troposphere exchange

The rate of exchange of air between the troposphere and thestratosphere is critical for determining the potential of variouspollutants emitted from the surface to reach the stratosphere andaffect the stratospheric ozone layer. One of the first estimates ofthis rate was made in the 1960s using measurements of strontium-90(90Sr) in the stratosphere. Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope(half-life 28 years) produced in nuclear explosions. It has nonatural sources. Large amounts of 90Sr were injected into thestratosphere in the 1950s by above-ground nuclear tests. Thesetests were banned by international treaty in 1962. Following thetest ban the stratospheric concentrations of 90Sr began to decreaseas 90Sr was transferred to the troposphere. In the troposphere,90Sr is removed by wet deposition with a lifetime of 10 days (bycontrast there is no rain, and hence no wet deposition, in thestratosphere). An intensive stratospheric measurement network wasoperated in the 1960s to monitor the decay of 90Sr in thestratosphere. We interpret these observations here using a 2-boxmodel for stratosphere-troposphere exchange with transfer rateconstants kTS and kST (yr-1) between the tropospheric andstratospheric reservoirs. The reservoirs are assumed to beindividually well-mixed.

Let mS and mT represent the masses of 90Sr in the stratosphere andin the troposphere respectively. Observations of the decrease inthe stratospheric inventory for the period 1963-1967 can be fittedto an exponential mS(t) = mS(0)exp(-kt) where k = 0.77 yr-1.

1. Write mass balance equations for mS and mT in the 1963-1967period.

2. Assuming that transfer of 90Sr from the troposphere to thestratosphere is negligible (we will verify this assumption later),show that the residence time of air in the stratosphere is tS =1/kST = 1.3 years.

3. Let m'T and m'S represent the total masses of air in thetroposphere and the stratosphere, respectively. Show that theresidence time of air in the troposphere is tT = tS (m'T/m'S) = 7.4years. Conclude as to the validity of your assumption in question2.

4. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have been adopted asreplacement products for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which werebanned by the Montreal protocol because of their harmful effect onthe ozone layer. In contrast to the CFCs, the HCFCs can be oxidizedin the troposphere, and the oxidation products washed out byprecipitation, so that most of the HCFCs do not penetrate into thestratosphere to destroy ozone. Two common HCFCs have trade namesHCFC-123 and HCFC-124; their lifetimes against oxidation in thetroposphere are 1.4 years and 5.9 years, respectively. There are noother sinks for these species in the troposphere. Using our 2-boxmodel, determine what fractions of the emitted HCFC-123 andHCFC-124 penetrate the stratosphere.

PHI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Internet2, Commutative Property

PHI 1101 Full Course Notes

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