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ANHB1101 Lecture : 24 Genetics II

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anga
8 Feb 2022
School
UWA
Department
Anatomy and Human Biology/Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology
Course
ANHB1101
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Document Summary

During mendel"s time, people believed in a concept of blending inheritance whereby offspring demonstrated intermediate phenotypes between those of the parental generation. This was refuted by mendel"s pea experiments that illustrated a law of dominance. Despite this, non-mendelian inheritance can be observed in sex-linkage and co- dominance where the expected ratios of phenotypes are not observed clearly. Incomplete dominance superficially resembles the idea of blending inheritance, but can still be explained using mendel"s laws with modification. In this case, alleles do not exert full dominance and the offspring resemble a mixture of the two phenotypes. Co-dominance is said to occur when there is an expression of two dominant alleles. The prototypical case for this is the human abo blood grouping. Incomplete dominance in snapdragon flowers superficially appears like blending inheritance. credit: jeremy seto (cc-by-nc-sa) The most obvious case of a two allele system that exhibits incomplete dominance is in the snapdragon flower.

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Related Questions

Review the factors affecting the phenotypes of Mendelian charaters: incomplete dominance,

co-dominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, polygenic inheritance, environmental effect, epistasis, and epigentics with examples.

1. Using the multiplication rule, calculate the probabilities of each genotype occurring from a given cross.

2. Using the multiplication rule and the addition rule, calculate the probabilities of a certain combination of genotypes occurring as the result of a genetic cross.

3. Distinguish between incomplete dominance and codominance, multiple alleles and pleiotropy, epistasis and polygenic inheritance.

4. Explain how each of the following impact the phenotype; incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygenic inheritance, environmental influence.

5. Explain the role of the environment in the phenotypic range of some genes.

Choose a trait that goes beyond Mendel’s one trait inheritance. Discuss the inheritance (ex. Incomplete dominance, multiple allele, polygenic, pleiotrophy, linkage, environmental influences), the different phenotypes or anything else that deviates from simple genetics. Mendel got lucky with the traits he chose in his pea plants. If he got more complicated traits and inheritance it would have made his findings almost impossible to come to. Talk about how these traits would have made it hard for scientists like Mendel to figure out inheritance the way he did.