POLI 352 Lecture Notes - Sub-Saharan Africa, Universal Negro Improvement Association And African Communities League, Marcus Garvey

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bsherman-montreal

9 Jan 2022

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September 9, 2020 / pre-colonial roots: dynamics of african state formation. Pre-colonial state formation in africa vs. europe (herbst) Europe had more people than land: 17/18/early 19th century, densely populated. Africa had more land than people: scarcely populated. African peoples who were dissatisfied with the governance in their land could just relocate elsewhere: result of this: stricter governance in more densely populated areas, but would thin out towards the borders. The relative scarcity of land meant that it had to be administered strongly. This led to the formation of hard territorial units: states. These states often fought wars against each other. Herbst: war is an important cause of state formation that is missing in africa today : he"s saying there is a lack of interstate war which means that state formation has different trajectory to that of europe. Samuel huntington (1968): war was the great stimulus to state building .

Related Questions

*Please refer to the article attached*

1. What can you conclude about the two U.S. cities planning to build desalination plants?

A. They have run out of water.

B. They are located on the coast.

C. They are among the wealthiest U.S. cities.

D. They have no access to underground aquifers.

From the first article, you can conclude that in the future, desalination plants

F. will become less popular as the demand for water drops.

G. will become less popular as other technologies are invented.

H. will become more popular only if the operating costs come down.

I. will become more popular whether or not the technology improves.

3. What can you conclude from the second article about the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan?

A. It created a huge water shortage.

B. It destroyed water-supplying tankers.

C. It proved the usefulness of water bags.

D. It showed how expensive a disaster can be.

4. What problem do both articles address?

F. transporting freshwater to people

G. supplying drinking water to people

H. creating freshwater from salt water

I. providing emergency water supplies

5. What kinds of places would be most likely to use the water bag technology rather than building a desalination plant?

A. poor, rural areas

B. large, wealthy cities

C. dry, inland deserts

D. small, isolated islands

6. How does Terry Spragg's invention solve the problem of transporting water bags?

F. He links together smaller bags that are less likely to rip.

G. He tows the water behind tugboats in floating boxcars.

H. He uses zippers with specialized teeth that prevent leakage.

I. He uses improved methods to fill the bags with pipelines.

7. Read the sentence.

A water-covered planet facing a water crisis seems paradoxical.

What does paradoxical mean?

A. typical of a given situation

B. dependent on two similar factors

C. contrary to what one would expect

D. related to many contributing causes

8.How has new technology improved the original desalination plants and water bags? EXPLAIN Support your answer with details and information from both articles.

Kia

Covid_Data = [["age bracket",["BC","AB","SK"]],
[(12,17),[[212286,303122],[200521,315968],[51128,87621]]],
[(18,29),[[576245,816781],[412013,695111],[100170,181751]]],
[(30,39),[[561039,740505],[459399,715542],[106941,172421]]],
[(40,49),[[514551,649358],[437833,608434],[102214,143466]]]]

le that contains a list of lists, to which the variable Covid_Data refers, which contains
information about vaccination numbers, by age bracket, in some provinces. 1 The rst item in Covid_Data
is a list whose rst item is a string "age bracket" , and whose second item is a list of the names of several
provinces. The other items in Covid_Data are lists whose rst item is a tuple denoting an age bracket and
whose second item is a list of lists. Each of these sublists correspond to data from a province and the rst
item is the number of people fully vaccinated and the second item is the population of that province in the
givien age group.
Just copy/paste this list of lists to your program. But keep in mind that your code should work even if we
use a dierent starting list (representing a dierent set of provinces, though with the same format) to test
your program.
Determine percentage of people fully vaccinated in an age range for
each given province .
To do this you will need to write a function called prov_percent_vaccinated_in_age_range, which takes
the list of lists described above as the rst parameter, and the name of a particular province, given as a
string (ie. "BC"), as the second parameter, the lower and upper bounds on an age range are the third and
fourth parameters. This function should return the percent fully vaccinated in the given age range in the
given province.
To do this you may nd the list method .index() useful to determine the index of of the data corresponding
to a province. Note that L.index("Prov") will be 2 if "Prov" is the 3th item in list L. For example, in the
sample data, the index of "SK" in the list Covid_Data[0][1] is 2. To limit the number of decimal places
returned use the function round(). For example, If x = 3.567, then round(x,1) returns 3.6.
Next create a function percent_vaccinated_in_age_range which takes the list of lists described above as its
rst parameter, the lower and upper bounds of an age range as its other two parameters. This function rst
prints out a line indicating the age range, then it should call the function prov_percent_vaccinated_in_age_range
and for each province represented in the data prints out a line indicating the percent fully vaccinated in
that province.

For example: Write a function called add_vaccinated_in_age_bracket that takes the list of lists (described above) as its
rst parameter and modies it. The second parameter is the name of a province given as a string, the third
parameter is an age bracket ( given as a tuple), and the nal parameter is a number to add to the number
of fully vaccinated people in the given age bracket for the given province.
This change should be done by modifying the input list itself. No new lists should be created and this
function has no return value.
Assume that recently, in "SK", there has been a vaccination blitz in high schools. This has added 10000 to
the number of fully vaccinated in the age bracket from 12 to 17.
Print "–- After High School Vaccination Blitz –-".
In the main program, call the function add_vaccinated_in_age_bracket to record the results of this vaccination
blitz. Finally call percent_vaccinated_in_age_range again for the age range 12 to 2

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POLI 352 Lecture Notes - Sub-Saharan Africa, Universal Negro Improvement Association And African Communities League, Marcus Garvey

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