L41 BIOL 4810 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Homopolysaccharide, Cellobiose, Amylose
12 May 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Glucose glucose disaccharides: maltose: hydrolysis product of starch. Isomaltose: (1 6) isomer of maltose: cellobiose: (1 4) isomer of maltose; the repeating disaccharide of cellulose. Linkages cause amylose to take on a helically coiled conformation. Amylopectin: branched, amylopectin contains both (1 4) glycosidic bonds and (1 6) glycosidic branches every 20-30 residues. Maltose from starch ancient biotech and big business. Structural model of cellulose: glucan chains line up laterally to form sheets that stack in a staggered fashion, stabilized by extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds, overall stability makes them water insoluble despite overall hydrophilicity, extremely strong (trees!) Chitosan (deacetylated chitin) is one of the strongest blood coagulants in clinical use: chitosan. Glycogen: animal starch vs. heparin: glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of animals, present in all cells but most prevalent in skeletal muscle and liver, highly branched. Is degraded for metabolic use by glycogen phosphorylase, which phosphoryltically cleaves glycogen"s (1 4) bonds sequentially inward to yield glucose-1-phosphate.
