HIST 266gp Lecture Notes - Hong Gyeong-Nae, Choe Je-U, Donghak
China
The renminbi
5 Principles of Peaceful Co-
Existence
’The 24 Character Statement’
Korea
Yangban
Aristocracy (yangban)
•Confucian scholars, given considerable power"
-Social system hereditary"
•System later relaxed w/ rise of merchants"
-Yangban held much power at local levels"
•Landowners; local govt. ministers/counselors"
-King later tries to lessen their power"
Hong Gyeongnae Rebellion
-Leaders increase taxes, require free labor from starving peasantry"
-Hong Gyeongnae – rebel leader NW Korea"
-Led rebellion against oppressive taxes of local admins."
-Rebellion crushed in 1812, but small uprisings "
Donghak, Choe Jeu
-Choe Jeu executed： Jinju Rebellion"
•Donghak (‘Eastern Learning’ or ‘Korean Learning’) 儒教道教佛教"
•Followers go underground, will later re-emerge"
Treaty of Ganghwa
-Described Korea as ‘independent’, ‘equal in status’ to Japan"
-Opened Korea for trade with Japan"
-Japan seeking to end Korea’s loyalty to China, to gain Korea’s trust"
Gobu Revolt
-Gobu magistrate creates bogus laws, exploits peasants"
-Peasants revolt (Gobu Revolt)"
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•They’re successful"
-Korea asks Qing dynasty for help"
•China sends 2,700 troops"
-Japan declares violation of Tianjin Convention (1885)"
-Japan deploys troops, swiftly wins"
•First Sino-Japanese War"
Gabo Reforms
-Chinese influence expelled"
-Reshapes E Asia order and power structure"
-Under Japan’s influence:"
•Gunguk Gimucheo#(군국기무처, Deliberative Council "
-Cabinet included nearly-50% commoners"
•Financial affairs centralized"
•Taxation system reformed"
•Japanese currency, measurement systems"
•Social reforms (ending class system, slavery, underage marriage)"
•Korea announces an end to subordinate relationship with China"
Queen Min
-Outspoken critic of Japan’s influence in Korea"
-Represents the royal court"
-Japanese order her assassination"
•Completed October 8, 1895"
-Leads to domestic issues for Japan"
•Anti-Japanese sentiment "
•King flees to Russian consulate for protection"
•Some Japanese officials killed, ending Gabo reforms"
King Gojong
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•King Gojong and the Crown Prince flee, protected within Russian consulate"
–Remain there 1896-97"
–1897: King Gojong yields to pressures, returns to Deoksugung (palace
compound in Seoul)"
•Founds ‘Great Korean Empire’"
•King -> Emperor"
–Gojong, the Gwangmu Emperor"
•Severs tributary ties with China’s emperor (who proclaimed to hold ‘Mandate of
Heaven’)"
Ito Hirobumi
•First Resident-General: Ito Hirobumi"
•His assassination caused Japan to takeover Korea"
March First Independence Movement of
1919 & the aftermath
-March First Movement, 1919"
•Student-led, mass movement for independence"
•Leaders draft a ‘Declaration of Independence’"
•Uprisings grow, Japan stunned"
•Japanese col. govt. brutally suppresses uprisings"
–But forced to re-evaluate their rule of Korea"
-Japan realizes military rule isn’t sustainable"
-Governor General issues reforms"
•Life restrictions on the press"
•Ease restrictions on local enterprises (companies like LG, Samsung begin to
emerge)"
•Loosen restrictions on public gatherings, organizations"
•Advance infrastructure and transportation"
-Effect: Koreans can pursue economic, social activities more freely"
-The reforms led to greater sense of mobility"
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Aristocracy (yangban: confucian scholars, given considerable power. Social system hereditary: system later relaxed w/ rise of merchants. Yangban held much power at local levels: landowners; local govt. ministers/counselors. King later tries to lessen their power. Leaders increase taxes, require free labor from starving peasantry. Hong gyeongnae rebel leader nw korea. Led rebellion against oppressive taxes of local admins. Rebellion crushed in 1812, but small uprisings. Choe jeu executed jinju rebellion: donghak ( eastern learning" or korean learning") , followers go underground, will later re-emerge. Described korea as independent", equal in status" to japan. Gobu magistrate creates bogus laws, exploits peasants. Peasants revolt (gobu revolt: they"re successful. Korea asks qing dynasty for help: china sends 2,700 troops. Japan declares violation of tianjin convention (1885) Japan deploys troops, swiftly wins: first sino-japanese war. Reshapes e asia order and power structure. Under japan"s in uence: gunguk gimucheo ((cid:1205)(cid:1204)(cid:1245)(cid:1942)(cid:2890), deliberative council.
