PSY 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Motivation, Token Economy, Cognitive Therapy
7 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Therapy
• Behavior therapies
o Goal: to change behavior
o Focus on reinforcing desired and eliminating undesired behaviors
o 3 major methods
▪ 1. Extinction
• learned behaviors weaken over time if not reinforced
• remove maladaptive behavior by removing any
reinforcement for it
• usually for removal of phobias/anxiety
▪ 2. Systemic Desensitization
• Gradually pair feared object with feelings of calm
• Progressively fearful things are confronted
• Can also use flooding
▪ 3. Reinforcement
• use of rewards to reinforce behavior
• shaping: reward gradual approximation to desired
behavior
• token economy: reward desired behavior with tangible
token that can be exchanged for goods/privileges
o change to intrinsic motivation
o Advantages:
▪ Specific → clear goals
▪ Methods set up in advance → expectations clear
▪ Fast, inexpensive for many problems
o Disadvantages
▪ No insight into self/problem
▪ No information about thoughts causing behavior
• Cognitive therapy
o First developed by Aaron beck
o Attempts to remove irrational thoughts/beliefs thought to cause
problems
▪ Negative thoughts, pessimistic beliefs, catastrophizing events
o 3 major methods
▪ 1. Basic Cognitive Therapy
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