BIOL 6265 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Carnia, Nasal Cavity, Abdominal Cavity
What are the subsystems of speech production?
Neural, articulatory, laryngeal, and respiratory
What are the respiratory tract structures?
Upper airway, larynx, and lower airway
Functions of the upper airway?
Warms air (mucous membrane w/ blood vessels)
Humidifies air
Filters air
Conducts air to lungs
Speech articulation - resonance
Structures of the upper airway?
Oral cavity (mouth, lips, tongue, teeth)
Nasal cavity (nose)
Pharyngeal cavity (naso/oro/larynopharynx)
Functions of the larynx?
Acts as valve to protect airway
Thoracic fixation
Speech phonation
Thoracic fixation
Acts as shut off valve to build up pressure below larynx and in abdominal cavity for bodily functions
(urination, defecation, child birth, and vomiting)
What makes up the larynx?
Cartilage and muscle
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Functions of the lower airway?
Filter air
Site of gas exchange
Power source for speech via build up of subglottal pressure
Structures of the lower airway?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli, lungs, pleura
Trachea
Extends from larynx to the bronchi
16-20 incomplete HYALINE cartilage
Attaches to esophagus via connect tissue & smc
Branches into bronchi at CARNIA
Lined with MUCOCILIARY BLANKET
Mucuciliary blanket
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Goblet cells and mucous glands
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Cilia beat down quickly & slow upward @ 10x/sec
Continuously in motion
Rids us of accumulated mucous, particles, & dust
Gets above in larynx so we can cough it up
Goblet cells and mucous glands
Secrete mucin (mucous) and embed foreign particles
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Trachea diseases
Asthma and mucociliary transport reduction
Asthma
Reflexive contraction of smc of trachea
Mucociliary transport reduction
Slowed down or paralyzed transport mechanism with increased secretions
Results of smoking or breathing dried out air
Bronchi
Larger diameter passages outside and immediately inside the lungs
Enters lung at HILUS
Bronchioles
After about 24th division of bronchi inside the lungs
Gets smaller diameter with greater surface area
Communicates with alveolar sacs
Terminates at the terminal branches (in alveoli)
Bronchi and bronchioles
Incomplete cartilaginous rings of decreasing diameter with increasing more smooth muscle
Forms an arborized system
Bronchospasm
Bronchiole disease
Contraction of smc that causes narrowing of bronchioles
Impairs airflow
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Document Summary
Acts as shut off valve to build up pressure below larynx and in abdominal cavity for bodily functions (urination, defecation, child birth, and vomiting) Power source for speech via build up of subglottal pressure. Attaches to esophagus via connect tissue & smc. Cilia beat down quickly & slow upward @ 10x/sec. Rids us of accumulated mucous, particles, & dust. Gets above in larynx so we can cough it up. Slowed down or paralyzed transport mechanism with increased secretions. Results of smoking or breathing dried out air. Larger diameter passages outside and immediately inside the lungs. After about 24th division of bronchi inside the lungs. Incomplete cartilaginous rings of decreasing diameter with increasing more smooth muscle. Contraction of smc that causes narrowing of bronchioles. Walls of the terminal bronchioles and air sacs. Site of gas exchange of o2 and co2. When damaged type ii proliferate & become type i.
